对SARS-CoV-2的T细胞反应突起交叉识别Omicron
Roanne Keeton1,2, Marius B Tincho1,2, Amkele Ngomti1,2
1Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
Nature
|February 1, 2022
概括
即使有众多突变,T细胞免疫力仍然在很大程度上对Omicron变体有效. 尽管抗体中和减少了,这种保存的T细胞反应可能会对严重的COVID-19提供保护.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 病毒学
- 疫苗学
背景情况:
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 变种具有众多的尖端蛋白突变,导致免疫系统从中和抗体中逃脱,并降低了疫苗对感染的有效性.
- 针对Omicron的T细胞反应能力和对严重疾病的保护能力在很大程度上尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 在接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的个体中评估T细胞对Omicron变异尖端蛋白的反应性.
- 将T细胞对Omicron的反应与之前的SARS-CoV-2变种 (Beta,Delta) 和不同病毒蛋白质的反应进行比较.
主要方法:
- 用Ad26.CoV2.S或BNT162b2接种疫苗的参与者和未接种疫苗的康复者 (n=70) 的CD4+和CD8+T细胞反应的分析.
- 与Beta和Delta变体的Omicron交叉反应T细胞大小的比较.
- 在患有Omicron感染 (n=19) 住院的患者中对祖先尖端,核和膜蛋白的T细胞反应的评估与之前的变异 (n=49).
主要成果:
- 在所有研究组中,针对尖端蛋白的CD4+和CD8+T细胞响应的很大比例 (70- 80%) 保持在Omicron上.
- 欧米克朗交叉反应性T细胞的数量与Beta和Delta变体观察到的数量相当.
- 患有Omicron感染的住院患者的T细胞对祖先尖峰,核和膜蛋白的反应与之前的病例中住院患者的反应相似.
结论:
- 尽管存在广泛的突变,但疫苗接种或先前感染引起的T细胞免疫力在很大程度上对Omicron变体进行了交叉识别.
- 保护T细胞对Omicron的反应需要进一步调查其对抗严重COVID-19的贡献.
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