烟草吸烟的治疗:一个回顾
Nancy A Rigotti1,2, Gina R Kruse1,2, Jonathan Livingstone-Banks3
1Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Mongan Institute, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
JAMA
|February 8, 2022
概括
戒烟可以显著改善健康和寿命. 结合药物治疗和行为支持是戒烟的最有效策略,
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 预防医学
- 药物成
背景情况:
- 在美国, 吸烟是可预防的死因之一, 目前有3400万成年人吸烟.
- 戒烟可以增加10年的预期寿命,并减少与烟草有关的疾病和死亡率.
- 尼古丁成和习惯性行为使得吸烟成为一种慢性疾病,
研究的目的:
- 审查各种戒烟策略的有效性.
- 突出结合药物治疗和行为支持治疗烟草成的好处.
- 确定戒烟的首要干预措施.
主要方法:
- 在19488名吸烟者的分析中, 结合药物治疗和行为辅导与简短的建议进行了比较.
- 在EAGLES试验 (8,144名吸烟者) 中,比较了瓦雷尼克林,布洛皮安,尼古丁贴片和安慰剂.
- 对组合药物治疗和不同行为支持方式的证据的审查.
主要成果:
- 药物治疗与行为辅导相结合, 超过6个月的戒烟率为15.2%,
- 在EAGLES试验中,瓦伦尼克林 (21. 8%) 的戒烟率高于布罗 (16. 2%) 和尼古丁贴片 (15. 7%).
- 与单个产品相比,结合尼古丁替代疗法 (NRT) 和使用不同机制的药物 (例如瓦伦尼克林和NRT) 增加了戒烟率.
结论:
- 一线戒烟疗法应结合药物治疗和行为支持.
- 建议使用瓦伦尼克林或组合的NRT作为戒烟的首要干预措施.
- 临床医生的简短建议与获得治疗的帮助在各个医疗机构中都是有效的.
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