根据疫苗接种以来的时间和德尔塔变种占主导地位,COVID-19 疫苗接种与有症状的SARS-CoV-2 感染的联系
Amadea Britton1,2, Katherine E Fleming-Dutra1, Nong Shang1
1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response, Atlanta, Georgia.
JAMA
|February 14, 2022
概括
自接种疫苗以来,随着时间的推移,COVID-19疫苗的有效性在对抗三角洲变种方面有所减弱. 与时间相关的有效性损失比与变异相关的有效性损失更大.
科学领域:
- 流行病学
- 疫苗学
- 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 监测COVID-19疫苗的性能对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
- 了解疫苗对等变种的有效性和随着时间的推移对于政策制定至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估在德尔塔变种激增之前和期间出现症状的SARS-CoV-2感染与COVID-19疫苗接种 (BNT162b2,mRNA-1273,Ad26.COV2.S) 之间的关联.
- 评估疫苗的有效性如何随着时间的推移而改变.
主要方法:
- 采用了检测负的病例对照研究设计.
- 分析了美国成人和青少年1,814,383次SARS-CoV-2核酸放大测试的数据.
- 基于Spline的多变量逻辑回归被用来计算估计疫苗有效性的几率 (ORs).
主要成果:
- 疫苗的有效性在德尔塔变种期间较低,而在德尔塔前的两种mRNA疫苗.
- 随着时间的推移,BNT162b2和mRNA-1273疫苗的有效性下降.
- Ad26.COV2.S疫苗的有效性较低,特别是在三角形疫情期间,时间相关的有效性没有显著下降.
结论:
- 在德尔塔变种占主导地位期间,COVID-19疫苗对症状感染的有效性降低.
- 随着时间的推移,mRNA疫苗的有效性显著减弱,而不是由于变种变化.
- 这些发现强调需要持续监测和潜在的增强策略来维持保护.
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