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与SARS-CoV-2相关的蝙蝠冠状病毒对人类细胞具有传染性

Sarah Temmam^1,2, Khamsing Vongphayloth³, Eduard Baquero⁴

¹Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Pathogen Discovery Laboratory, Paris, France.

|February 16, 2022

概括

在老发现的新型SARS-CoV-2类病毒对人类具有潜在的传染性. 这些病毒有效地与人类的ACE2受体结合,并可以进入人体细胞,突显了印度中半岛的潜在风险.

科学领域:

病毒学
动物传染病
蝙蝠生态

背景情况:

尽管在蝙蝠和松鼠中发现了相关病毒,但SARS-CoV-2的动物储存库仍然未知.
了解SARS-CoV-2的起源需要识别能够进入人类细胞的原始病毒.
尖端蛋白的受体结合域 (RBD) 对ACE2相互作用和宿主范围至关重要.

研究的目的:

在蝙蝠中识别SARS-CoV-2原始病毒.
研究蝙蝠病毒感染人类的可能性.

主要方法:

来自老洞穴的病毒的基因组测序.
对病毒RBD序列及其与人类ACE2 (hACE2) 的结合 afinity 的分析.
在人类细胞中对HACE2依赖的病毒进入和复制的评估.
通过SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体进行中和测试.

主要成果:

在老北部发现了类似SARS-CoV-2的病毒.
病毒RBD与SARS-CoV-2有很小的差异,但与 hACE2的结合效率更高.
这些蝙蝠病毒在人类细胞中介于HACE2依赖的进入和复制.
通过中和SARS-CoV-2抗体来抑制病毒的进入.
在这些蝙蝠病毒的尖端蛋白质中没有发现furin分裂点.

结论:

有可能感染人类的SARS-CoV-2类病毒在印度支那半岛的Rhinolophus蝙蝠中传播.
这些发现为SARS-CoV-2的起源提供了关键的见解.
已发现的病毒具有重大动物传染风险,需要进一步调查.

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