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相关概念视频

Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

13.6K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
13.6K
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:35

Transfer RNA Synthesis

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No description available
3.9K
Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
21.1K
Translation01:31

Translation

158.7K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
158.7K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

9.0K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
9.0K
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

57.9K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Tuning Degradation to Achieve Specific and Efficient Protein Depletion
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Tuning Degradation to Achieve Specific and Efficient Protein Depletion

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一种酵母突变,它积累了前体tRNAs.

A K Hopper, F Banks

    Cell
    |June 1, 1978
    PubMed
    概括

    酵母突变ts136积累了新型RNA物种,这表明转移RNA (tRNA) 生物合成和处理中的缺陷. 这种核分解性缺陷也可能阻碍信使RNA (mRNA) 传输.

    科学领域:

    • 分子生物学分子生物学
    • 酵母遗传学 酵母遗传学
    • 处理RNA处理RNA处理

    背景情况:

    • 条件酵母突变TS136以前被认为在mRNA核至细胞质运输中有缺陷.
    • 这项研究调查了一个替代假设:tRNA生物合成中的潜在缺陷.

    研究的目的:

    • 为了描述酵母突变ts136.6中的RNA处理缺陷.
    • 为了确定ts136是否在tRNA生物合成中有缺陷.
    • 探索tRNA处理和mRNA运输之间的关系.

    主要方法:

    • 使用聚烯胺凝电泳法在限制性温度下由ts136积累的RNA物种的分析.
    • 使用含有酵母tRNA基因的大肠杆菌等离子体进行杂交研究.
    • 在累积的RNA物种中评估修饰和甲基含量.

    主要成果:

    • 在限制温度下,ts136累积了12种新的RNA物种.
    • 一些累积的RNAs与前体tRNAs共迁移,并与tRNA基因混合.
    • 三种RNA物种 (1a,1b,1c) 足以容纳两个并联tRNA,并且缺乏修饰基.
    • 其他累积的RNA (2-8) 含有典型的tRNA修饰基,并与tRNA基因混合.

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    Generation of RNA/DNA Hybrids in Genomic DNA by Transformation using RNA-containing Oligonucleotides
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  • 在ts136.中,核糖体RNA合成也受到损害.

    • 结论:

    • 酵母突变TS136在tRNA生物合成/处理和核糖体RNA合成中都表现出缺陷.
    • 累积的RNA物种表明RNA处理所必需的核分解活性存在缺陷.
    • 假设这种核分解性缺陷是有效RNA运输的先决条件,可能解释了先前观察到的mRNA运输缺陷.