在炎症性肠病中通过真菌菌株多样性进行免疫调节
Xin V Li1,2, Irina Leonardi1,2, Gregory G Putzel2
1Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|March 17, 2022
概括
在肠道中存在的特定的Candida albicans菌株可以通过破坏免疫细胞来加剧炎症性肠道疾病. 这项研究确定了关键的真菌相互作用和治疗炎症的潜在目标.
科学领域:
- 微生物学和免疫学
- 胃肠病学
- 主体与微生物的相互作用
背景情况:
- 肠道菌群在免疫调节中起作用,但其对疾病的直接影响尚不清楚.
- 异常的真菌变化与炎症性肠病 (IBD) 有关,但特定真菌的功能作用尚不清楚.
- 测序的真菌是否可行或在疾病中具有功能性后果仍然不确定.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种针对菌株和患者的肠道菌群功能分析平台.
- 研究特定真菌菌株在炎症性肠道疾病的发病作用.
- 在人类肠道中识别宿主真菌交叉通话的机制.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个结合高分辨率测序,文化学,基因组学和CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑的翻译平台.
- 使用人类肠道衍生的真菌分离物进行了体外免疫活性测定和体内模型.
- 分析了宿主和真菌之间的相互作用,重点是免疫细胞损伤和炎症反应.
主要成果:
- 在IBD患者中发现多种Candida albicans菌株,其中一些菌株具有高免疫细胞破坏能力 (HD菌株).
- 通过依赖IL-1β的机制与性结肠炎特征和恶化的肠炎相关的HD菌株.
- 坎迪达利辛毒素调解了利基特异性免疫和T辅助细胞反应,促使细胞进入病原体状态.
结论:
- 肠道中的宿主真菌相互作用是菌株特异性的.
- 特定的Candida albicans菌株可以充当病原体,导致炎症性肠病.
- 鉴定了与真菌失生症相关的炎症性疾病的潜在诊断和治疗点.
相关概念视频
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents
282
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
282
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy
443
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
443
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management
216
Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Pharmacologic...
216
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF
249
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
249
Inflammatory Response
9.6K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
9.6K
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease
434
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
434


