在SARS-CoV-2 Omicron和Delta变种的疫苗突破感染中中和免疫力
Venice Servellita1, Abdullah M Syed2, Mary Kate Morris3
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Cell
|April 16, 2022
概括
在接种疫苗的个体中,Omicron突破感染会产生比Delta更弱的中和免疫力. 这种降低的免疫性可能对未来的SARS-CoV-2变种提供较少的保护.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 病毒学
- 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 像德尔塔和奥米克朗这样的SARS-CoV-2变种带来了持续的公共卫生挑战.
- 对突破性感染的免疫反应的了解对于疫苗的有效性和未来变种的准备性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在接种疫苗的个体中比较Delta与Omicron SARS-CoV-2突破性感染引起的中和免疫力.
- 评估感染严重程度对抗体反应的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用病毒样粒子 (VLP) 和活病毒测试.
- 对128名接种疫苗的259个样本中测量了SARS-CoV-2野生类型 (WT) 的中和抗体标位.
- 根据疫苗接种情况和感染严重程度分层,分析了对Delta或Omicron突破性感染后的反应.
主要成果:
- 与Omicron感染相比,德尔塔突破感染诱导了显著更高的中和抗体标位,特别是在免疫能力不强的个体中.
- 突破性Omicron感染与无症状或轻度病例的比例较高,这些病例的抗体标位明显较低.
- 经过Delta或Omicron突破性感染后观察到有限的变异特异性交叉中和免疫力.
结论:
- 在接种疫苗的人群中,Omicron突破性感染的免疫性似乎不如Delta突破性感染.
- 奥米克朗的免疫性降低可能导致对再感染和未来的SARS-CoV-2变种的保护性降低.
- 感染严重程度在突破性感染后的抗体反应大小上起作用.
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