从怀孕前到20岁的健康和发展以及人力资本
Robert E Black1, Li Liu1, Fernando P Hartwig2
1Institute for International Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 30, 2022
概括
从怀孕到成年期的最佳健康对人力资本至关重要. 生命早期的发展,特别是最初的1000天,对终身健康,学习和生存结果产生重大影响.
科学领域:
- 全球健康
- 儿童发育医学
- 人力资本发展
背景情况:
- 从怀孕期到成年期的最佳健康和发展是人类繁荣和人力资本形成的基础.
- 培养护理框架扩展到20岁,概述了对人力资本的关键发展影响.
- 虽然5岁以下的死亡率有所下降,但儿童和青少年 (年龄在20岁以下) 的死胎和死亡仍然是全球重要的健康问题.
研究的目的:
- 分析影响人类资本的关键发展时期和影响因素,从怀孕期到成年期.
- 强调最初1000天 (怀孕至2岁) 对长期健康和认知结果的意义.
- 检查不同发育阶段的死亡率和发病率 (出生体重低,生长迟缓,超重) 的全球负担.
主要方法:
- 从2000年到2019年对28周到20岁的个体的全球死亡数据的分析.
- 检查早期生长轨迹与成人营养状况和认知功能之间的关系.
- 评估影响知识和技能获取的因素,包括健康,营养,家庭资源和教育机会.
主要成果:
- 在2019年,估计有860万例死亡发生在怀孕28周至20岁之间,其中一半以上发生在28天前.
- 低出生体重在撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚普遍存在;增长迟缓在全球普遍存在,而超重正在增加.
- 早期的线性增长 (前2年) 是成年人智商 (IQ) 的更强的预测因素.
- 在非洲撒哈拉以南地区,学龄年限大约为4年,而在高收入国家则为11年.
结论:
- 人类资本极其依赖于儿童和青少年的生存,成长和学习.
- 专注于早期的干预措施,特别是最初的1000天,对于优化长期健康和认知发展至关重要.
- 解决健康,营养和教育方面的差异对于改善全球人力资本至关重要.
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