用微生物蛋白代替牛肉的预计环境效益
Florian Humpenöder1, Benjamin Leon Bodirsky2,3, Isabelle Weindl2
1Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany. humpenoeder@pik-potsdam.de.
Nature
|May 4, 2022
概括
到2050年,用微生物蛋白代替20%的反动物肉可以将森林砍伐减半并减少温室气体排放. 这种蛋白质替代品提供了超越传统生命周期评估的显著环境效益.
科学领域:
- 农业科学
- 环境科学
- 食品科学
背景情况:
- 由于森林砍伐,温室气体排放,水资源使用和肥胖化,食动物的肉类生产对环境产生了重大影响.
- 建议采用植物性肉类,培养肉类和微生物蛋白质等替代蛋白质来源,以减轻畜牧业对环境的影响.
- 生命周期评估 (LCA) 研究表明,与反动物肉相比,MP对环境有很大的益处.
研究的目的:
- 分析微生物蛋白 (MP) 在2050年全球土地使用前性情景中作为反动物肉类的替代品的环境效益.
- 通过评估MP在特定的未来社会经济路径中的环境影响来补充现有的LCA研究.
- 评估与MP采用相关的土地使用影响和排放减少.
主要方法:
- 到2050年全球土地使用场景的建模.
- 分析以人均蛋白质为基础的反动物肉的替代影响.
- 纳入社会经济路径来估计环境效益.
- 将预测结果与静态LCA方法进行比较.
主要成果:
- 到2050年,将全球人均反动物肉类消费量的20%替换为MP,可以抵消全球牧场面积的预计增加.
- 这种替代预计将每年减少约50%的森林砍伐和相关的二氧化碳排放.
- 采用MP还导致甲排放减少,在更高的升级水平上观察到的排放减少具有非线性和效应.
结论:
- 微生物蛋白 (MP) 显示出减少全球粮食系统对环境的影响的巨大潜力,尤其是在土地利用和温室气体排放方面.
- MP可以作为反动物肉的可行替代品,提供远远超过静态LCA发现的环境效益.
- 在评估MP等替代蛋白质的全部潜力时,未来的研究应该考虑动态效应和消费者接受.
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