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相关概念视频

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

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Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Norton's Theorem01:14

Norton's Theorem

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Norton's theorem is a fundamental principle stating that a linear two-terminal circuit can be substituted with an equivalent circuit, which comprises a current source (ⅠN) in parallel with a resistor (RN). Here, ⅠN represents the short-circuit current flowing through the terminals, and RN stands for the input or equivalent resistance at the terminals when all independent sources are deactivated. This implies that the circuit illustrated in Figure (a) can be exchanged with the...
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Ampere-Maxwell's Law: Problem-Solving01:17

Ampere-Maxwell's Law: Problem-Solving

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A parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance C, whose plates have area A and separation distance d, is connected to a resistor R and a battery of voltage V. The current starts to flow at t = 0. What is the displacement current between the capacitor plates at time t? From the properties of the capacitor, what is the corresponding real current?
To solve the problem, we can use the equations from the analysis of an RC circuit and Maxwell's version of Ampère's law.
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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

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组织转向后量子加密技术

David Joseph1, Rafael Misoczki2, Marc Manzano3

  • 1SandboxAQ, Palo Alto, CA, USA. david.joseph@sandboxaq.com.

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|May 13, 2022
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概括

量子计算威胁着当前的加密. 组织必须转向抗量子加密 (PQC) 算法,这是一个复杂的过程,需要仔细规划安全性和性能.

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科学领域:

  • 密码学和量子计算安全

背景情况:

  • 量子计算机利用肖尔的算法对当前的公钥加密构成重大威胁.
  • 对未来的数据安全而言,开发量子耐性加密 (PQC) 算法至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 提供对转向后量子加密 (PQC) 的组织视角.
  • 在PQC迁移过程中概述降低风险的策略.

主要方法:

  • 讨论PQC过渡时间表和主要的保护策略.
  • 结合量子前和PQC算法的混合方法的分析.
  • 为组织采用PQC的建议.

主要成果:

  • PQC的过渡是一个多十年的过程,具有复杂的安全性,性能和实施挑战.
  • 混合加密方法可以最大限度地降低迁移过程中的风险.
  • 建议使用PQC标准进行早期实验.

结论:

  • 为了顺利及时的PQC过渡,必须采取主动和战略方法.
  • 组织需要考虑安全性,性能和易于实施的PQC.