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Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

没有接种疫苗的SARS-CoV-2 Omicron的有限交叉变异免疫力

Rahul K Suryawanshi¹, Irene P Chen^1,2,3,4, Tongcui Ma^1,5

¹Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.

|May 18, 2022

概括

仅仅对未接种疫苗的人群而言,Omicron 感染对其他 SARS-CoV-2 变种提供了有限的保护. 然而,Omicron突破性感染增强了免疫力,增强了对多种变体的保护,特别是在接种疫苗的人群中.

科学领域:

病毒学
免疫学
公共卫生

背景情况:

像德尔塔和奥米克朗这样的SARS-CoV-2变种给全球健康带来了挑战.
奥米克朗通常会比特拉病毒引起较轻微的疾病,特别是在接种疫苗的人群中.
对于Omicron诱导广泛的跨变体免疫的潜力是一个关键问题.

研究的目的:

调查Omicron感染后的幽默免疫反应和交叉变异中和.
将Omicron的致病性和免疫激活与Delta和WA1变种进行比较.
评估Omicron感染对未接种疫苗和接种疫苗的个体现有的免疫力的影响.

主要方法:

使用感染小鼠和人类的血清对抗各种SARS-CoV-2变体进行中和测试.
在感染小鼠的肺和脑组织中分析病毒复制.
在肺组织中测量促炎细胞因子表达和T细胞激活.
在未接种疫苗的人群中,与Omicron突破性感染对抗免疫反应的比较.

主要成果:

在未接种疫苗的小鼠和人类中,Omicron感染诱导了有限的中和抗体,主要针对Omicron本身.
与Delta和WA1不同,Omicron在小鼠肺部和大脑中复制减少,导致较轻的疾病.
接种疫苗的人群中Omicron突破性感染显著增加了对多种SARS-CoV-2变异的中和度.
在未接种疫苗的受试者中,单独感染Omicron并不能对非Omicron变体产生广泛的保护.

结论:

在未接种疫苗的个体中,单独的Omicron感染提供了狭窄的免疫力,主要是针对自身.
奥米克朗感染可以增强接种疫苗的免疫力,从而获得更广泛的保护.
在没有接种疫苗的情况下,广泛的Omicron感染可能不足以建立广泛的人口级别的SARS-CoV-2变种保护.

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