一种通过双T细胞加NK细胞攻击向耐药瘤的疫苗
Soumya Badrinath1,2, Maxence O Dellacherie3,4, Aileen Li3,4,5
1Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Nature
|May 25, 2022
概括
这种新型的癌症疫苗针对MICA/B蛋白质, 增强免疫细胞的攻击. 它有效地抑制瘤生长和转移,即使在免疫逃避癌症中.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 癌症学
- 疫苗开发
背景情况:
- 针对抗原的常规癌症疫苗需要个性化,因为主要的组织相容性复合体 (MHC) 多样性.
- 瘤通常通过干扰呈现和释放MICA/B应激蛋白来逃避T细胞免疫.
- MICA/B蛋白是自然杀手 (NK) 和T细胞NKG2D受体的配体,对免疫识别至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发针对MICA/B压力蛋白的癌症疫苗,以克服免疫逃避机制.
- 研究疫苗诱导协调的T细胞和NK细胞反应的能力.
- 评估疫苗对MHC类I缺陷瘤和预防术后转移的疗效.
主要方法:
- 开发一种针对MICA/B应激蛋白的疫苗.
- 诱导抗体以抑制MICA/B脱落并增强抗原呈现.
- 在临床前模型中评估疫苗的疗效,包括MHC缺乏的瘤和术后环境.
主要成果:
- 通过抑制脱落,增加树突细胞的抗原呈现,该疫苗增加了MICA/ B表面密度.
- 它增强了NK细胞的细胞毒性功能,并促进了协调的T细胞和NK细胞攻击.
- 该疫苗对MHC类I缺陷瘤具有有效性,并抑制术后的转移.
结论:
- 这种针对MICA/ B的癌症疫苗诱导了涉及T细胞和NK细胞的强有力的,协调的免疫反应.
- 它克服了常见的瘤免疫逃生机制,包括MHC缺乏和MICA/ B脱落.
- 这种疫苗在切除初级瘤后有望预防癌症复发和转移.
更多相关视频
09:15Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
Published on: February 24, 2023
3.6K
07:55Flow Cytometry-Based Isolation and Therapeutic Evaluation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
Published on: January 17, 2025
1.1K
相关概念视频
Tumor Immunotherapy
677
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
677
Targeted Cancer Therapies
7.8K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
7.8K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
2.6K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
2.6K
Treatment Resistant Cancers
3.4K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.4K
Cancer Vaccines
526
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
526
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
5.1K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
5.1K
