生命而不是气候影响了超过4000万年的生物多样性
Andrej Spiridonov1, Shaun Lovejoy2
1Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania. andrej.spiridonov@gf.vu.lt.
Nature
|June 22, 2022
概括
地球的巨大气候和宏观进化速度在数百万年内波动. 生物相互作用稳定了多样性,调解了生物多样性的动态,并在地质时间尺度上影响了灭绝和起源率.
科学领域:
- 古生物学
- 地球系统科学
- 宏观进化
背景情况:
- 生命的多样性是由跨越巨大的时间尺度的等级过程所塑造的.
- 随机地球系统过程 (法庭小丑) 和稳定生物相互作用 (红色女王) 之间的相互作用对宏观进化至关重要.
- 了解这些动态需要分析长期的生态和气候数据.
研究的目的:
- 研究大气候 (≥100万年) 及其对地球生物多样性的影响.
- 在宏观进化中区分"流浪"的随机过程和稳定生物相互作用.
- 在地质时间内分析灭绝,起源,多样性和温度的扩大行为.
主要方法:
- 使用多级哈尔和跨哈尔波动分析.
- 分析了Phanerozoic海洋动物古生物学数据库,包括灭绝率 (E),起源率 (O),多样性 (D) 和海水古温度 (T).
- 研究了各种地球系统参数的时间缩放行为和缩放指数.
主要成果:
- 大气候 (T) 和宏观进化速率 (E,O) 在数百万到数亿年内表现出时间缩放的行为.
- 超级气候显示出正的扩展指数 (不稳定),而灭绝和起源率显示出负的指数 (稳定,生物介导).
- 多样性 (D) 显示了两个模式,在较短的时间尺度上跟踪大气候,在较长的时间尺度上跟踪宏观进化速率,交叉约为40亿年.
结论:
- 地球的大气候的特点是不稳定,而宏观进化速度则由生物相互作用稳定.
- "地球红皇后"效应在≥40万年尺度出现,生物全球化同步灭绝和起源率.
- 这些发现揭示了对生物多样性和地球系统动态的长期调节的关键见解.
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