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Visualization of Cortical Modules in Flattened Mammalian Cortices

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Published on: January 22, 2018

鼠标和人类皮层的连接组比较

Sahil Loomba^1,2, Jakob Straehle¹, Vijayan Gangadharan¹

¹Department of Connectomics, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 23, 2022

概括

人类大脑的神经元比小鼠多, 但突触电路不同. 人类的抑制增加扩大了内部神经元网络,改变了神经元通信和皮质结构.

科学领域:

神经科学
比较神经解剖学
细胞生物学

背景情况:

人类大脑皮层比小鼠大脑皮层有更多的神经元.
了解物种间突触电路的差异对于理解认知进化至关重要.

研究的目的:

研究和比较人类,和老鼠大脑皮层的细胞类型组成和突触电路结构.
阐明神经网络的变化如何导致人类皮层的独特特征.

主要方法:

在小鼠,和人类的皮质样本上使用了三维电子显微镜.
分析了细胞类型组成和突触连接模式.

主要成果:

与小鼠相比,人体内神经元增加了2.5倍.
轴突连接的概率发生了变化,防止了金字塔细胞的抑制-刺激平衡的比例增加.
增加的抑制导致人体内部神经元到内部神经元网络的扩大,具有专门的内部神经元类型和增强的突触选择性.

结论:

人类皮层中关键的神经网络的改变涉及扩展的内部神经元到内部神经元网络.
这些突触选择性和连接性的变化代表了人类皮质组织的显著适应.

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