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对四种COVID-19疫苗的幽默和细胞免疫记忆

Zeli Zhang¹, Jose Mateus¹, Camila H Coelho¹

¹Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

|June 28, 2022

概括

通过比较四种COVID-19疫苗,这项研究发现,虽然抗体水平在六个月内下降,但所有疫苗类型的记忆T和B细胞保持稳定,表明持久的免疫记忆. 这提供了针对SARS-CoV-2的保护性免疫力的见解.

科学领域:

免疫学
疫苗学
传染性疾病

背景情况:

采用多种平台的多种COVID-19疫苗提供了对症状性疾病和死亡的保护.
了解长期免疫记忆,包括T细胞和B细胞反应,对于评估疫苗对SARS-CoV-2的有效性至关重要.
需要对不同类型疫苗的免疫反应进行对比.

研究的目的:

用mRNA-1273,BNT162b2,Ad26.COV2.S和NVX-CoV2373接种疫苗后六个月的时间,对SARS-CoV-2特异性免疫反应进行纵向比较,重点关注T细胞和B细胞记忆.
调查不同COVID-19疫苗平台引起的免疫记忆的持久性,包括CD4+ T细胞,CD8+ T细胞和B细胞.
识别与特定疫苗类型相关的潜在差异化免疫特征.

主要方法:

在6个月内对SARS-CoV-2特异性免疫反应进行长度分析.
评估T细胞 (CD4+,CD8+) 和B细胞种群,包括cTfh,CD4-CTL和CXCR3+记忆B细胞等特定子集.
由四种不同的COVID-19疫苗平台引起的免疫记忆概况的比较:Moderna mRNA-1273,Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2,Janssen Ad26.COV2.S和Novavax NVX-CoV2373.

主要成果:

所有患者在mRNA或NVX-CoV2373疫苗接种后都产生了记忆CD4+T细胞 (包括cTfh和CD4-CTL).
mRNA疫苗和Ad26. COV2. S诱导了类似的CD8+T细胞频率,在6个月后在60-67%的受试者中检测到.
詹森Ad26. COV2. S免疫的特点是高频率的CXCR3+记忆B细胞,而mRNA疫苗接种者显示抗体减少但稳定的记忆T和B细胞.

结论:

与COVID-19疫苗接种后的抗体水平相比,记忆T细胞和B细胞在六个月内表现出更大的稳定性.
多种疫苗平台诱导了强大的和可比的细胞免疫记忆,表明了广泛的保护性免疫力.
这些发现有助于了解长期防护免疫力,并可能为其他病原体提供见解.

关键词:

COVID-19 疫苗的使用其他疾病细胞免疫力人体免疫力免疫记忆

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