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相关概念视频

Capacitor in an AC Circuit01:23

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A capacitor is charged by passing an electric current through it, which causes the plates to start accumulating an electrostatic charge. Since the strength of the charging current is maximum when the capacitor plates are uncharged and gradually decreases exponentially until the capacitor is fully charged, the charging process is neither instantaneous nor linear. The property of a capacitor to store a charge on its plates is called its capacitance.
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A displacement current is analogous to a real current in Ampère's law, participating in Ampère's law the same way as the usual conduction current. However, it is produced by a changing electric field. Displacement current is defined in terms of a time-varying electric field, and also has an associated displacement current density. By adding a term accounting for displacement current, Maxwell modified the existing Ampère's law, which is now called generalized Ampère's law.
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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

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Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
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The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

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In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
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The unit step sequence is defined as 1 for zero and positive values of the integer n. This sequence can be graphically displayed using a set of eight sample points, showing a step function starting from n=0 and remaining constant thereafter.
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Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
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由于交流连贯量子相位滑动效应而导致的量化电流阶段

Rais S Shaikhaidarov1,2, Kyung Ho Kim1, Jacob W Dunstan1

  • 1Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.

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研究人员直接观察了超导纳米线中的双Shapiro步骤,证明了量子化的电流步骤. 这一突破对于当前的量子标准至关重要,

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科学领域:

  • 凝聚物质物理学
  • 量子计量学
  • 超导性

背景情况:

  • 作为量化电压步骤 (沙皮罗步骤) 观察到的AC约瑟夫森效应是量子力学和电压标准的基础.
  • 双重效应,交流连贯量子相位滑动 (CQPS),涉及磁流道化,预计将表现为量子化电流步骤.
  • CQPS对于未来的现有标准和量子计量三角形的关闭至关重要,但对现有步骤的直接观察是难以捉摸的.

研究的目的:

  • 在超导纳米线中直接观察双Shapiro步骤或量子化电流步骤.
  • 克服材料和电路工程的局限性,这些局限性以前阻止了这些现有步骤的实验实现.
  • 推动量子电流标准的发展.

主要方法:

  • 使用NbN材料制造超导纳米线装置.
  • 将纳米线集成到诱导环境中以抑制扩展效应.
  • 在微波辐射下测试电流步骤,直至26GHz.

主要成果:

  • 在超导纳米线中直接观察利的量子化电流步骤,类似于双 Shapiro 步骤.
  • 观察到的步骤可以清除到26GHz的频率,测量的电流值为8.3nA.
  • 观察到的现象归因于交流连贯量子相位滑动 (CQPS) 效应.

结论:

  • 这项研究成功地证明了在超导纳米线中直接观察量子化电流的步骤.
  • 这一成就克服了长期以来在超导体中实现平流阶段的挑战,此前由于材料和电路的限制而受到阻碍.
  • 这些发现为量子电流标准的实际应用铺平了道路, 并完成了量子计量三角形.