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相关概念视频

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.6K
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.1K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.1K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

8.1K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
8.1K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

2.0K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

2.0K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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原子转移激进聚合:一个机械的视角

Francesca Lorandi1,2, Marco Fantin3, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 26, 2022
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

原子转移基聚合 (ATRP) 已经显著发展,提供精确的聚合物合成. 机理学研究是推动催化剂设计和预测未来创新的聚合结果的关键.

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科学领域:

  • 聚合物化学
  • 催化剂
  • 有机合成

背景情况:

  • 原子转移基聚合 (ATRP) 是现代聚合物化学的一个基石技术.
  • 催化剂设计和反应条件的不断进步扩大了其效用.
  • 了解聚合机制对于控制聚合物特性至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 提供关于ATRP基本进展的全面概述.
  • 突出机理学研究在催化剂和反应设计中的关键作用.
  • 讨论最近的ATRP发展和未来的挑战.

主要方法:

  • 对传统和现代ATRP系统进行审查.
  • 分析催化剂设计的机制研究.
  • 对刺激反应和光化学ATRP系统的探索.

主要成果:

  • ATRP是一种非常通用的合成精确聚合物的方法.
  • 机械洞察力可以提高催化剂的选择性和控制性.
  • 新的催化系统提供了增强的聚合控制和新的可能性.

结论:

  • 对于ATRP的持续发展而言,机理学理解至关重要.
  • 最近的创新重点是对外部刺激的控制和先进的催化方法.
  • 未来的研究方向包括解决催化剂效率和范围的现有挑战.