通过保存的病毒蛋白的模式识别来获得原生细胞的先天免疫力
Linyi Alex Gao1,2,3,4,5,6, Max E Wilkinson1,2,3,4,5, Jonathan Strecker1,2,3,4,5
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
概括
Prokaryotes 具有抗病毒 STAND (Avs) 蛋白质,可以检测病毒蛋白质,激活像DNA 内核酶活动这样的防御机制以阻止感染. 这一发现揭示了所有生命领域的免疫策略.
科学领域:
- 微生物学
- 免疫学
- 结构生物学
背景情况:
- 细胞生物利用来自STAND超级家族的核酸结合寡聚化域类受体 (NLR) 来进行免疫模式识别.
- Prokaryotes 中类似的免疫防御机制的存在和功能在很大程度上仍未被探索.
- NLR对于检测病原体特异性分子和启动真核生物的免疫反应至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查 prokaryotes 是否使用与真核细胞 NLR 相似的防御机制.
- 在细菌和古生物中描述抗病毒STAND (Avs) 同类的功能和机制.
- 了解 prokaryotic 免疫受体如何识别和响应病毒感染.
主要方法:
- 在 prokaryotic 基因组中识别和描述抗病毒 STAND (Avs) 同类物.
- 生物化学测定用于研究Avs四度化和效应域激活.
- 用冷电子显微镜 (Cryo-EM) 以原子分辨率可视化Avs-病毒蛋白相互作用.
主要成果:
- Prokaryotic Avs 同类体检测到保存的病毒蛋白质,启动受体四重化.
- 激活的Avs受体触发各种N端效应器功能,包括DNA内核酶活性,以抑制病毒复制.
- 化EM显示,Avs传感器域识别了保存的病毒蛋白折叠,活性位点和连接体,从而实现了广泛的抗病毒活性.
结论:
- Prokaryotes 拥有复杂的先天免疫系统,利用 Avs 蛋白质进行抗病毒防御.
- 病毒蛋白被Avs识别的机制在细菌和古生物中保留着.
- 这些发现为所有三种生命领域的病原体特异性蛋白质的模式识别建立了通用范式.
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