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相关概念视频

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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狼形成和恶化背后的不同转录组结构

Masahiro Nakano1, Mineto Ota2, Yusuke Takeshima3

  • 1Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.

Cell
|August 23, 2022
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概括

这项研究揭示了全身性红斑狼 (SLE) 免疫细胞的独特基因表达模式,区分疾病状态和活性. 这些发现为SLE病变和潜在的治疗点提供了新的见解.

关键词:
来自东京大学的免疫细胞基因表达图谱特定于细胞类型疾病活动疾病状态免疫细胞免疫遗传学器官参与系统性红斑性狼治疗反应转录组

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科学领域:

  • 免疫学
  • 基因组学
  • 计算生物学

背景情况:

  • 系统性红斑狼 (SLE) 是一种复杂的自身免疫性疾病,具有多系统性炎症的特征.
  • 了解SLE病变的细胞和分子机制对于开发有效治疗至关重要.
  • 在SLE患者中,基因表达模式因不同免疫细胞类型而有显著差异.

研究的目的:

  • 通过分析高细胞分辨率的基因表达模式来阐明SLE的发病性.
  • 识别与SLE疾病状态和活动相关的细胞类型特异性转录基因特征.
  • 探索这些特征的临床意义及其与遗传风险因素的关系.

主要方法:

  • 使用6386个RNA测序数据集进行了大规模的转录组分析.
  • 来自136名SLE患者和89名健康捐赠者的27种不同的免疫细胞类型.
  • 分析了疾病状态和疾病活动特征,并分析了它们与SLE风险变体的丰富性.

主要成果:

  • 确定了两种不同的细胞类型特异性转录基因特征:疾病状态和疾病活性.
  • 在SLE中,与器官参与和治疗反应相关的疾病活动特征.
  • 与疾病活动签名相比,SLE风险变体的疾病状态签名丰富度更高.

结论:

  • 发现了SLE的综合基因特征,为未来的研究提供了基础数据.
  • 疾病活动特征对于评估SLE进展和治疗疗效具有临床价值.
  • 目前的基因研究可能无法完全捕捉SLE的临床相关生物学.