新型抗原呈现细胞对肠道微生物群产生Treg依赖的耐受性
Blossom Akagbosu1, Zakieh Tayyebi2,3, Gayathri Shibu1,4
1Immuno-Oncology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.
Nature
|September 7, 2022
概括
研究人员发现了Thetis细胞,一种新型的RORγt+抗原呈现细胞,对于在生命早期建立周围免疫耐受性至关重要. 这些细胞,特别是TC IV亚群,对于产生调节性T细胞至关重要,防止肠道炎症.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 细胞生物学
- 发育生物学
背景情况:
- 建立免疫耐受性对健康至关重要,防止自身免疫反应和对无害抗原的反应.
- 表达自身免疫调节器 (AIRE) 的骨髓胸膜上皮细胞 (mTEC) 是胸腺中中央耐受性的关键.
- 在暴露于饮食和微生物抗原后,外围调节性T (Treg) 细胞的分化发生在生命早期,但不清楚负责的细胞是什么.
研究的目的:
- 在关键的早期生命窗口中确定负责产生外周调节T细胞的特定抗原呈现细胞.
- 描述这些pTreg诱导细胞的独特特征和发育起源.
- 阐明这些细胞在肠道中建立免疫耐受性的机制.
主要方法:
- 在肠道淋巴结中识别和描述一种新的RORγt+抗原呈现细胞群,称为Thetis细胞.
- 对Thetis细胞进行转录分析和分组 (TC I-IV).
- 基因操纵以评估主要基因相容性复合物II类 (MHCII) 和整合蛋白αvβ8 (ITGB8) 在Thetis细胞功能和pTreg分化中的作用.
主要成果:
- 鉴定出一种具有mTEC和树突细胞特征的新型RORγt+抗原呈现细胞.
- 一个特定的子组,TC IV,缺乏AIRE,但表达了对pTreg产生至关重要的αvβ8分子.
- 甲状腺细胞特异性的MHCII或ITGB8损失严重损害了肠道pTreg分化,导致大肠炎,突出显示了TC IV的重要作用.
结论:
- 甲状腺细胞,特别是TC IV亚群,是主要的RORγt+抗原呈现细胞,负责在生命早期诱导外围Treg细胞.
- 这些发现揭示了胸腺和外围免疫耐受性的并行途径,涉及共享的细胞和转录程序.
- 维护肠道平衡和预防大肠炎等炎症性疾病至关重要.
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