美国医疗补助计划:覆盖范围,融资,改革以及对健康公平的影响
Julie M Donohue1, Evan S Cole1, Cara V James2
1Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
JAMA
|September 20, 2022
概括
医疗补助计划对数以百万计的美国人来说是一个至关重要的医疗保险计划, 需要进行政策改革, 减少种族差异, 促进所有受益者的健康平等.
科学领域:
- 卫生政策
- 医疗公平
- 公共医疗保险
背景情况:
- 医疗补助计划是美国最大的医疗保险计划,
- 它在资助医疗保健和解决健康差距方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 该计划面临着平衡其公平目标与财政和政治压力的挑战.
研究的目的:
- 描述医疗补助的资格,入学和支出.
- 检查关键政策领域:管理护理,支付,医疗补助系统改革,种族/民族健康差异.
- 评估医疗补助计划内促进健康公平的机会.
主要方法:
- 对医疗补助入学和支出 (2010-2022) 的公开数据进行分析.
- 在PubMed的文献搜索和非营利/政府组织的报告 (2003-2022年).
- 对管理护理,提供改革,扩张和健康差异的证据的审查.
主要成果:
- 医疗补助计划在2022年覆盖了8060万人,占美国人口的24.2%.
- 它占到了6712亿美元的医疗支出 (2020) 和大量的州/联邦支出.
- 虽然38个州扩大了医疗补助,但差距仍然存在,56.4%的少数群体受益者面临着获得/质量不平等的问题.
结论:
- 医疗补助的结构,资金和覆盖范围通过改革和扩张而演变.
- 显著的政策改革对于减轻种族和民族健康差异至关重要.
- 专注于管理护理和提供改革的公平性可以促进医疗补助计划中的健康公平性.
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