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首次和补充疫苗接种和先前感染SARS-CoV-2感染和严重的COVID-19结果的关联

Dan-Yu Lin¹, Yu Gu¹, Yangjianchen Xu¹

¹Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.

|September 26, 2022

概括

COVID-19 疫苗接种和先前感染显著降低了 SARS-CoV-2 感染和严重结果的风险. 然而,随着时间的推移,保护力逐渐减弱,尤其是在抗感染方面.

科学领域:

流行病学
传染性疾病
公共卫生

背景情况:

了解COVID-19疫苗接种,之前的SARS-CoV-2感染和随后的感染风险之间的关联对于公共卫生策略至关重要.
针对初级疫苗系列,增强剂和自然感染的保护的持续时间和有效性需要持续评估.

研究的目的:

估计初级和辅助COVID-19疫苗接种和之前的SARS-CoV-2感染与随后的SARS-CoV-2感染,住院和死亡的时间变化的关联.
通过量化疫苗接种和先前感染的保护作用,为预防策略提供信息.

主要方法:

一项涉及北卡罗来纳州1060万居民的大型队列研究,从2020年3月到2022年6月进行.
分析COVID-19初级疫苗系列,增强剂和之前的SARS-CoV-2感染.
计算SARS-CoV-2感染率比率 (RR) 和COVID-19相关住院和死亡的危险比率 (HR).

主要成果:

主要疫苗系列与感染风险降低 (RR~0.51-0.53) 和住院风险显著降低 (HR~0.27-0.35) 和死亡风险 (HR~0.15-0.24).
与初级疫苗接种相比,复发剂进一步降低了感染风险 (RR~0. 32~0. 39一个月后,~0. 60~0. 84三个月后).
之前的SARS-CoV-2感染也显示出4个月后对后续感染 (RR ~ 0.23) 和严重结果 (HR ~ 0.10- 0.11) 的显著保护.

结论:

无论是COVID-19疫苗接种 (初级系列和增强剂) 还是先前感染,都与SARS-CoV-2感染,住院和死亡的风险显著降低有关.
随着时间的推移,保护作用逐渐减弱,特别是在感染方面,这凸显了更新疫苗接种策略的必要性.
这些发现支持继续使用疫苗,并加强了先前感染在预防策略中的重要性.

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