对SARS-CoV-2 Omicron亚系的印记抗体反应
Young-Jun Park1,2, Dora Pinto3, Alexandra C Walls1,2
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 20, 2022
概括
混合免疫和疫苗增强剂产生对SARS-CoV-2 Omicron亚系的中和抗体. 突破性感染与单独接种疫苗不同,诱导鼻免疫,大多数抗体与各种Omicron变体发生交叉反应.
科学领域:
- 病毒学
- 免疫学
- 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron亚系具有突发突变,使其能够从先前的感染或接种疫苗中逃避免疫.
- 了解中和抗体反应的范围和持久性对于管理正在进行的病毒演变至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查混合免疫,疫苗增强剂和针对SARS-CoV-2 Omicron亚系的突破性感染引起的中和抗体反应.
- 描述自然感染和疫苗接种产生的抗体的特异性和交叉反应性.
- 确定具有广泛中和活性的潜在治疗抗体候选者.
主要方法:
- 在接种疫苗或感染后对Omicron BA.1,BA.2,BA.2.12.1和BA.4/5的血中和抗体活性分析.
- 在突破性感染和接种疫苗后,评估鼻膜中的中和抗体.
- 使用记忆B细胞和血细胞对不同SARS-CoV-2受体结合域 (RBD) 的B细胞特异性和交叉反应性的评估.
主要成果:
- 混合免疫和疫苗增强剂有效地引起了对多个Omicron亚系的血中和抗体.
- 突破性感染,但不仅仅是接种疫苗, 诱导了鼻膜中的中和抗体.
- 来自Omicron突破病例的抗体显示与武汉-胡-1和各种Omicron RBD交叉反应,与免疫印记一致.
- 在最多6个月的时间里,主要的Omicron感染诱导了狭窄的B细胞.
- 发现了一种具有临床发展潜力的超强泛变异中和抗体.
结论:
- 混合免疫和增强剂对于对抗Omicron亚系的广泛抗体反应很重要.
- 鼻免疫主要是由突破性感染引起的.
- 免疫印记会影响抗体的交叉反应性,而初级的Omicron感染最初具有有限的特异性.
- 一种有前途的泛变异中和抗体提供了对抗SARS-CoV-2演变的潜在治疗策略.
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