人权与COVID-19大流行:回顾和前性分析
Lawrence O Gostin1, Eric A Friedman1, Sara Hossain2
1O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 20, 2022
概括
COVID-19 疫情揭示了广泛存在的人权侵犯和健康不平等. 一个转变的全球卫生系统,优先考虑人权和平等获得医疗技术,对于未来的流行病准备至关重要.
科学领域:
- 全球健康
- 人权法
- 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- COVID-19 疫情揭示了各州维护人权义务的系统性失败,包括压制信息和侵犯健康权.
- 疫情加剧的严重国家和全球不平等,凸显了实现非歧视和为所有人实现最高健康标准的差距.
- 现有的全球卫生结构在解决大流行的人权问题和确保公平结果方面被证明是不充分的.
研究的目的:
- 分析COVID-19疫情造成的人权侵犯和健康不平等现象.
- 提出一个转变的全球卫生架构,将人权和公平作为与流行病相关的侵犯人权的核心反应.
- 倡导加强国际合作,资金和法律机制,以确保未来卫生紧急情况的健康公平和人权.
主要方法:
- 通过人权视角对各州应对COVID-19疫情的质量分析.
- 审查现有的全球卫生治理框架及其缺陷.
- 为改革全球卫生架构和法律工具提供政策分析和建议.
主要成果:
- 疫情的历史标志着国家未能保护言论自由和健康权.
- 疫情影响和资源获取的巨大差异凸显了非歧视和国际合作的缺陷.
- 目前的全球卫生系统需要进行根本性转型,以解决系统性不平等和侵犯人权的问题.
结论:
- 将人权和公平纳入转变的全球卫生架构对于应对COVID-19的侵犯人权至关重要.
- 需要从高收入国家向低收入和中等收入国家增加资金,以实现基于权利的恢复和医疗技术的公平分配.
- 新的法律工具,包括一项流行病条约和一个民间社会倡导基金,对于在未来的卫生紧急情况中确保平等和人权至关重要.
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