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相关概念视频

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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相关实验视频

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Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy
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树突细胞指导昼夜抗瘤免疫反应

Chen Wang1, Coline Barnoud1, Mara Cenerenti1,2

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Nature
|December 5, 2022
PubMed
概括

瘤的生长取决于它开始的时间. 免疫细胞如树突细胞和CD8+ T细胞的循环节律控制黑色素瘤体积,影响癌症免疫疗法的有效性.

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科学领域:

  • 免疫学
  • 时间生物学
  • 癌症研究

背景情况:

  • 癌症免疫监测是对瘤发展的自然防御.
  • 癌症免疫监测有效性的每日波动尚未得到充分了解.

研究的目的:

  • 调查一天中的时间是否影响癌症免疫监测的有效性.
  • 研究免疫细胞中昼夜节律控制瘤生长的作用.

主要方法:

  • 使用了包括免疫缺陷小鼠在内的小鼠癌症模型.
  • 评估了瘤移植时间对瘤大小的影响.
  • 研究了树突细胞 (DC) 和CD8+T细胞在昼夜抗瘤活性中的功能.

主要成果:

  • 植入瘤的时间显著影响瘤的后续大小.
  • 树突细胞和CD8+ T细胞表现出抑制黑色素瘤生长的昼夜功能.
  • 节律性直流和CD80表达调节了CD8+ T细胞的反应.

结论:

  • 免疫元件的循环节律对于控制瘤大小至关重要.
  • 将癌症免疫疗法与DC昼夜功能同步,可以提高治疗效果.
  • 这些发现表明,基于昼夜的癌症治疗对人类有潜在的治疗应用.