印记的SARS-CoV-2 幽默免疫诱导了融合的欧米克朗 RBD 进化
Yunlong Cao1,2, Fanchong Jian3,4, Jing Wang3,5
1Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China. yunlongcao@pku.edu.cn.
Nature
|December 19, 2022
概括
在受体结合域 (RBD) 中,Omicron变异迅速演变,避开抗体和疫苗. 这种由免疫印记驱动的融合进化对目前针对SARS-CoV-2的免疫策略构成威胁.
科学领域:
- 病毒学
- 免疫学
- 基因组学
背景情况:
- 奥米克朗SARS-CoV-2的不断演变导致了许多与BA.5相比具有增长优势的变种.
- 这些变异的受体结合域 (RBD) 的突变汇聚在特定的热点上,但驱动因素和后果仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查融合RBD进化的驱动力和对幽默免疫力的影响.
- 评估新出现的Omicron变种的抗体逃避能力.
- 了解免疫印记在促进融合进化的作用.
主要方法:
- 来自BA.2和BA.5突破性感染个体的单克隆抗体的脱离突变概况和中和活性.
- 分析了BQ.1.1.10,BA.4.6.3,XBB和CH.1.1等变种的抗体逃避性.
- 使用深度突变扫描并构建融合伪病毒突变来推断突变起源和预测进化趋势.
主要成果:
- 融合RBD突变使变体能够逃避中和抗体药物和康复期血,包括来自BA.5感染,同时保持ACE2结合.
- BA.2和BA.5突破性感染,由于体内免疫印记,减少中和抗体多样性,促进集中免疫压力和融合RBD进化.
- 像BQ.1.1.10,BA.4.6.3,XBB和CH.1.1这样的新兴变体显示出显著的抗体逃避.
- 深度突变扫描准确推断了融合RBD突变,伪病毒突变预测了BA.2.75和BA.5亚型的演变趋势.
结论:
- 欧米克朗的RBD的融合进化增强了抗体逃避,挑战了现有的群体免疫力和疫苗的有效性.
- 目前的免疫和BA.5疫苗增强剂可能无法有效地保护这些抗体逃避的Omicron变体.
- 了解融合进化对于预测未来变种的出现和制定有效的对策至关重要.
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