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相关概念视频

The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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Chromosome Replication02:31

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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DNA Helicases00:55

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level
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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level

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人类的复制前综合体是一个开放的综合体.

Jian Li1, Jiangqing Dong2, Weitao Wang3

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Cell
|January 7, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员发现微染色体维护 (MCM) 双六合体 (DH) 如何通过溶解DNA链来启动DNA复制. 这种结构揭示了人类细胞复制许可的初始开放结构 (IOS).

关键词:
启动DNA复制人类MCM27复合物最初的DNA融化原点点火在RC之前复制许可证

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level
10:11

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level

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Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
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Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography

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Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Dynamics of Eukaryotic DNA Replication Through Single-Molecule Visualization
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Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Dynamics of Eukaryotic DNA Replication Through Single-Molecule Visualization

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科学领域:

  • 分子生物学
  • 遗传学
  • 生物化学

背景情况:

  • 在真核生物中,DNA复制的启动对于细胞分裂至关重要.
  • 微染色体维护 (MCM) 2-7 双六合体 (DH) 是启动DNA复制的关键复合体.
  • MCM-DH溶解原始DNA的确切机制在很大程度上是未知的.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明在复制启动过程中人类MCM-DH (hMCM-DH) 的初始DNA融化的结构机制.
  • 了解hMCM-DH如何促进复制起源的初始开放结构 (IOS) 的形成.
  • 调查IOS在授权DNA复制中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 用冷电子显微镜 (cryo-EM) 确定与DNA结合的hMCM-DH的高分辨率结构.
  • 生物化学测定以评估干扰IOS对DH形成和复制启动的影响.
  • 基因组足迹绘制全基因组的hMCM-DH和IOS分布图.

主要成果:

  • 对hMCM-DH的2.59-Å冷-EM结构揭示了一个狭窄的中央通道,它扭曲了结合的DNA.
  • 通过在扭曲的DNA复合体内分离一个基对,hMCM-DH诱导初始开放结构 (IOS).
  • IOS的干扰显著抑制了MCM- DH的形成和随后的复制启动.
  • 基因组测绘显示IOS被聚集在发射区中, 与随机发射相关.

结论:

  • hMCM-DH具有与初始链分离的DNA结合的内在机制,形成一个IOS.
  • 这种IOS对于授权在人体细胞中启动DNA复制至关重要.
  • 这些发现为了解如何选择和打开复制起源提供了结构基础.