在394,783个表细胞中罕见的编码变异的多基因架构
Daniel J Weiner1,2,3, Ajay Nadig4,5,6, Karthik A Jagadeesh7,8
1Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. dweiner@broadinstitute.org.
Nature
|February 9, 2023
概括
罕见的遗传变异解释了常见疾病的遗传能力的一小部分,与常见的变异不同. 然而,常见的和罕见的变异都影响着相同的生物途径和特征,表明了融合的遗传机制.
科学领域:
- 遗传学
- 基因组学
- 复杂的特征
背景情况:
- 常见的和罕见的基因变异都会影响复杂的特征和疾病.
- 全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 已经确定了许多常见变异关联,而外基因组测序显示了罕见变异关联.
- 罕见变异的遗传结构及其与常见变异的关系仍然不完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 通过对22种共同特征和疾病的罕见编码变体的基因负担来量化遗传性.
- 为了比较罕见与常见基因变异的结构和影响.
- 调查常见和罕见变种之间的机制趋同.
主要方法:
- 分析了394,783个英国生物库外体.
- 通过罕见的编码变体解释遗传性的量化 (等位基因频率<1x10-3).
- 常见变体,罕见变体和超罕见功能丧失变体的遗传性贡献的比较.
主要成果:
- 罕见的编码变异平均解释了1.3%的表型变异,比常见的变异少得多.
- 超罕见的功能丧失变体对罕见的变体遗传性有最大的贡献.
- 常见和罕见的变体涉及相似的细胞类型,对共享的特征表现出性作用,并在基因和位点上部分局部化.
- 负担遗传性集中在显著和受约束的基因中,而常见变异遗传性更为多基因.
- 精神分裂症和双相情感障碍的遗传率约为2%.
结论:
- 罕见的编码变异涉及可控数量的大效应基因.
- 常见和罕见的遗传关联在机理上是趋同的.
- 罕见的编码变体对遗传性和人口风险分层的缺失有微不足道的贡献.
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