哺乳:在一个以市场为驱动的世界里至关重要,但也面临越来越多的挑战
Rafael Pérez-Escamilla1, Cecília Tomori2, Sonia Hernández-Cordero3
1Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 10, 2023
概括
优化母乳养需要解决个人,社会和政策因素. 多层次干预可以迅速提高母乳养率,
科学领域:
- 公共卫生
- 母婴健康
- 健康的社会生态决定因素
背景情况:
- 在低收入和中等收入国家的近三分之一的新生儿受到乳房前养的影响,
- 自我报告的不足牛奶是引入商业配方奶粉和停止母乳养的主要原因.
- 婴儿的行为往往被误认为是牛奶不足, CMF营销违反了世卫组织的指导方针.
研究的目的:
- 研究个体特征与母乳养的更广泛决定因素之间的相互作用.
- 了解这些相互作用如何影响母乳养的结果.
- 确定最佳母乳养实践所需的政策和干预措施.
主要方法:
- 综合系统性审查 (2016-2021年).
- 分析基于国家的案例研究.
- 将社会生态模型应用于多层次干预.
主要成果:
- 多层次,多组件的干预措施显示了人口层面的母乳养实践的快速改善.
- 解决社会生态模型的各个层面的决定因素是有效的.
- 考虑性别平等的社会方法对于成功的母乳养支持至关重要.
结论:
- 哺乳成功受到多个层面因素的复杂相互作用的影响.
- 有效的干预需要一个全面的社会方法.
- 支持母乳养必须承认和解决性别不平等问题,并挑战商业配方奶粉营销策略.
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