上古石器到新石器时代欧洲狩猎采集者的古遗传学
Cosimo Posth1,2,3, He Yu4,5, Ayshin Ghalichi6
1Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. cosimo.posth@uni-tuebingen.de.
Nature
|March 1, 2023
概括
古代欧洲的狩猎采集者基因组显示出不同地区和时间的不同遗传特征. 一个关键的祖先形象在最后的冰川时期持续存在,而另一个则遍布欧洲,大多取代了早期的基因库.
科学领域:
- 古遗传学
- 考古遗传学
- 欧洲史前史
背景情况:
- 现代人类居住在欧洲已有4万5千多年.
- 了解古老的狩猎采集者遗传学是有限的, 保存不良的遗迹.
- 基因组分析提供了对人口动态和相关性的关键见解.
研究的目的:
- 为了重建古代欧洲狩猎采集者的遗传风景.
- 在不同的考古文化和时间段中识别遗传连续性和流失.
- 在上古石器和中古石器期间调查人口流动和混合事件.
主要方法:
- 分析了356个古老的狩猎采集者基因组.
- 包括来自西欧和中欧亚116个人的新基因组数据.
- 放射性碳测年和古代DNA (aDNA) 分析用于基因分析.
主要成果:
- 在西欧识别出一个独特的上古石器时代与格拉维特人相关的祖先,类似于早期的奥里尼亚克人群.
- 这种祖先的证据一直存在于西南欧洲的最后一个冰川时期 (Solutrean和Magdalenian文化).
- 南欧的基因周转在最后的冰川最大期,与Epigravettian相关的种群向北分散,在很大程度上取代了14000年前的马格达莱尼亚基因库.
结论:
- 古代欧洲的狩猎采集群体表现出显著的区域遗传差异化和时间动态.
- 特定的祖先表现出经过冰河时期的弹性,并经历了主要的替代.
- 冰河后的欧洲在明显的表型差异下,在不同的西部和东部狩猎采集者群体之间发生了相互作用和混合.
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