基于生态系统的管理优于以物种为中心的养殖来增强鱼类种群
Johannes Radinger1, Sven Matern1,2, Thomas Klefoth3
1Department of Fish Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 2, 2023
概括
基于生态系统的息地恢复,特别是浅水的创造,有效地促进了鱼类种群,而传统的鱼类养殖方法却失败了. 这突显了以生态系统为重点的保护战略的卓越表现.
科学领域:
- 水生态学
- 保护生物学
- 渔业科学
背景情况:
- 基于生态系统的管理 (EBM) 需要证明其优于以物种为中心的方法,以便在保护中得到广泛采用.
- 传统的渔业管理通常依赖于以物种为中心的方法,如鱼类养殖,但成功率不尽相同.
- 评估EBM与以物种为中心的策略的有效性对于有效的水生动物保护至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 将基于生态系统的息地增强与以物种为中心的鱼类养殖在整个湖泊实验中的有效性进行比较.
- 评估粗树林息地增加和浅海岸区域对鱼类丰富性的影响.
- 为水生生物保护和渔业管理提供基于证据的建议.
主要方法:
- 在6年内在20个湖泊进行了大规模的复制和控制实验.
- 为了监测种群变化,
- 实施基于生态系统的息地改善 (粗木息地,浅海沿岸区域) 并将结果与传统的鱼类养殖进行比较.
主要成果:
- 仅仅增加粗木性息地并没有显著增加总体鱼类丰富性.
- 创建浅区持续改善了鱼类的丰富性,尤其是幼鱼.
- 专注于物种的鱼类养殖被证明是无效的,未能达到期望的保护结果.
结论:
- 基于生态系统的管理,特别是生态环境的改善,比以物种为中心的养鱼更有效.
- 这项研究提供了强有力的证据,证明了水生生态系统中以物种为中心的保护行动的广泛有效性.
- 建议有利于实施以生态系统为基础的管理,重点是恢复保护和渔业管理的关键息地.
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