在人类中,SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 增强引发了新的 B 细胞反应
Wafaa B Alsoussi1, Sameer Kumar Malladi1, Julian Q Zhou1
1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
Nature
|April 3, 2023
概括
SARS-CoV-2 (严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2) mRNA 疫苗增强剂诱导生殖中心反应,增强B细胞成熟和抗体多样性. 助推剂还可以产生针对变异特异性表位的新反应.
科学领域:
- 免疫学
- 疫苗学
- 病毒学
背景情况:
- 主要的SARS-CoV-2 (严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2) mRNA疫苗系列具有免疫性,但变种需要增强剂和变种特定的疫苗.
- 增强免疫主要涉及已存在的记忆B细胞,但它们诱导生殖中心反应和向变异性表位的能力尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查SARS-CoV-2 mRNA疫苗增强剂是否会引起人类的生殖中心反应.
- 确定变种衍生疫苗是否引起对变种特异性表位的反应.
- 根据不同的mRNA疫苗增剂策略来描述B细胞反应.
主要方法:
- 人类接受了mRNA疫苗增剂 (原始或双价Beta/ Delta).
- 对生殖中心B细胞反应,B细胞突变水平和抗体结合特征的分析.
- 从记忆和原始B细胞中分离和表征单克隆抗体.
主要成果:
- 诱导强大的,持久的生殖中心B细胞反应,增加B细胞突变和抗体多样性.
- 来自增强个体的单克隆抗体主要识别了原来的SARS-CoV-2尖端蛋白.
- 针对Omicron BA.1变异的抗体的一个子集来自原始B细胞,表明对变异特异性表位的新反应.
结论:
- SARS-CoV-2 mRNA 疫苗增强剂诱导显著的生殖中心 B 细胞反应和抗体成熟.
- 助推剂可以引发新的B细胞反应,针对新出现的SARS-CoV-2变异.
- 这些发现凸显了疫苗策略扩大免疫力对抗不断变化的病毒株的潜力.
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