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相关概念视频

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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相关实验视频

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Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
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一型糖尿病

Teresa Quattrin1, Lucy D Mastrandrea1, Lucy S K Walker2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Diabetes Center, John R Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|April 8, 2023
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

一型糖尿病涉及自身免疫破坏胰岛素产生细胞. 最近的研究表明, 保护这些细胞保持天然胰岛素的产生有望带来新的预防和治疗希望.

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Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies
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科学领域:

  • 免疫学
  • 内分泌学
  • 代谢疾病

背景情况:

  • 1型糖尿病是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病,向胰腺β细胞,需要终身胰岛素治疗.
  • 尽管了解其复杂的病理生理学 (遗传,免疫,环境因素) 的进展,但疾病负担仍然很大.
  • 目前的治疗方法可以控制症状,但不能阻止疾病的进展或提供治疗方法.

研究的目的:

  • 提供1型糖尿病 (T1D) 研究的全面审查.
  • 在过去五年中突出T1D病理生理学,治疗和管理方面的最新进展.
  • 讨论临床护理当前的挑战,并探索预防,管理和治疗的未来研究方向.

主要方法:

  • 关于1型糖尿病的最近研究 (在过去5年内) 的文献评论.
  • 对针对β细胞保存的免疫调节策略的研究分析.
  • 综合有关临床护理挑战和新兴治疗途径的信息.

主要成果:

  • 新兴研究表明,免疫调节方法可以在风险人群或早期T1D患者中保持内源性胰岛素的产生.
  • 在理解导致T1D的遗传,免疫和环境因素的复杂相互作用方面取得了显著进展.
  • 尽管有进展,但疾病负担仍然很高,这表明需要采取更有效的干预措施.

结论:

  • 通过有针对性的免疫干预来维持内源性胰岛素的产生显示出对T1D管理和潜在地阻止疾病的进展的前景.
  • 持续的研究对于克服临床护理挑战和制定预防,有效管理和最终治愈1型糖尿病的策略至关重要.
  • 未来的方向包括完善免疫调节疗法和探索解决T1D多方面的新方法.