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Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch
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Published on: February 7, 2022

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可光切换的捐赠者-接受者Stenhouse导管的非线性光学反应

Simon Dubuis1, Angela Dellai1, Chloé Courdurié1

  • 1Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 4, 2023
PubMed
概括

捐赠者-接受者斯坦豪斯 adducts (DASAs) 呈现出显著的第二波生成 (SHG) 反应,受其分子结构的影响. N-甲基兰和巴比图里酸/英达部分优化SHG效率和光交换行为.

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Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
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Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
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Stereoisomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophilic attack on the substrate and departure of the leaving group occurs simultaneously through a transition state. As the nucleophile approaches the substrate from the back-side, the configuration of the substrate carbon changes from tetrahedral to trigonal bipyramidal and then back to tetrahedral, leading to an inversion in the configuration of the product.
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The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
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