结束可预防的新生儿死亡:多国证据,以告知到2030年实现可持续发展目标的加速进展
Joy E Lawn1,2, Zulfiqar A Bhutta3,4, Chinyere Ezeaka5
1MARCH Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Neonatology
|May 26, 2023
概括
为了实现降低新生儿死亡率的全球目标,需要根据国家制定量身定制的战略.
科学领域:
- 全球卫生健康 全球卫生健康
- 新生儿健康新生儿健康
- 可持续发展目标 可持续发展目标
背景情况:
- 可持续发展目标 (SDG) 3.2的目标是到2030年将新生儿死亡率 (NMR) 降低至≤12/1,000个活产.
- 超过60个国家没有达到这一目标,每年有230万新生儿死亡.
- 特定背景的干预措施至关重要,特别是根据死亡率水平而有所不同.
研究的目的:
- 分析新生儿死亡率 (NMR) 过渡阶段,并为实现可持续发展目标3.2的战略提供信息.
- 评估护理套餐对使用"拯救生命工具"减少新生儿死亡率的影响.
- 为NMR减少的不同阶段的国家提供基于证据的建议.
主要方法:
- 应用了基于联合国195个成员国的国家分析的五相NMR过渡模型.
- 分析了过去一个世纪中从选定的国家获得的历史数据.
- 利用"拯救生命工具"软件对护理套餐的影响分析.
主要成果:
- 实现NMR<15/1,000需要广泛获得婴儿产科和医院护理,包括熟练的人员和呼吸支持 (例如CPAP).
- 扩大对小婴儿和生病新生儿的护理规模,可以将核磁共振降低到SDG目标的≤12/1,000.
- 进一步减少需要增加对基础设施的投资,基本设备 (光疗,通风),感染预防以及高级护理 (例如机械通风,表面活性剂治疗) 的更高的人员比例.
结论:
- 减少新生儿死亡率的策略必须根据一个国家的NMR水平逐步制定.
- 从高收入国家学习,包括避免陷,是有价值的.
- 优先考虑无残疾生存和家庭参与对于有效的新生儿护理至关重要.
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