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在ADHD儿童中进行认知努力的首选选择:一个扩散模型账户

Xu Yan¹, Cynthia Huang-Pollock²

¹Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA. xjy5098@psu.edu.

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology

|May 26, 2023

概括

患有注意力缺陷多动症 (ADHD) 的儿童对努力成本没有更大的敏感性. 相反,他们表现出较弱的任务需求的元认知监测,影响决策.

科学领域:

神经科学是一个神经科学.
发展心理学发展心理学
认知科学认知科学

背景情况:

注意缺陷多动性障碍 (ADHD) 经常与对劳累性任务成本的敏感性降低有关.
以前的研究表明,动机缺陷可能是ADHD相关的行为挑战的基础.

研究的目的:

研究ADHD和没有ADHD的儿童在从事要求高的任务时的偏好选择.
利用计算方法,特别是扩散建模,来分析与认知努力相关的决策过程.

主要方法:

认知努力折扣范式 (COG-ED) 给8-12岁的有 (n=49) 和没有 (n=36) ADHD的儿童.
扩散建模应用于选择数据,以检查情感决策过程.

主要成果:

所有孩子都表现出努力的折扣,在费力任务的主观价值或对费力较少的任务的偏见方面,群体之间没有显著差异.
与非ADHD同龄人相比,患有ADHD的儿童对任务需求的心理表征差异较小.
在两组中,暴露和熟悉艰苦的经历是相似的.

结论:

研究结果挑战了对努力成本更高的敏感性或降低奖励敏感性解释ADHD的观点.
对需求的元认知监测的全球弱点似乎是一个更合理的机制,是ADHD决策的基础.
这种超认知缺陷影响了成本效益分析,这对于进行认知控制至关重要.

关键词:

更多关于 ADHD ADHD 的文章认知控制认知控制认知上的努力是认知上的努力.扩散建模扩散建模超认知监测 (Metacognitive monitoring) 是一种超认知监测.

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