肉食动物白细胞受体复合体的比较基因组学
April L Jelinek1, Jan Futas1,2, Pamela A Burger3
1Department of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (VETUNI), Brno, Czechia.
Frontiers in immunology
|May 26, 2023
概括
该研究确定了肉食动物中的白细胞受体复合体 (LRC) 基因,特别是白细胞免疫球蛋白样受体 (LILR) 基因,揭示了保存和分离的进化路径. 在这些物种中,LILR基因进化是快速的.
科学领域:
- 免疫基因组学是什么
- 进行比较的基因组学.
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物白细胞受体复合体 (LRC) 区域包含诸如杀手细胞免疫球蛋白类受体 (KIR) 和白细胞免疫球蛋白类受体 (LILR) 等基因家族.
- 虽然在人类和小鼠中具有很好的特征,但由于基因组组装挑战,肉食动物中的LILR基因补充在很大程度上仍然未知.
- 之前的研究在一些食肉动物中发现了单个KIR基因,但缺乏全面的LILR分析.
研究的目的:
- 为了识别和注释白细胞受体复合体 (LRC) 基因,专注于白细胞免疫球蛋白类受体 (LILR) 基因在Felidae.
- 使用染色体水平基因组,在各种食肉动物物种中比较LILR基因补充和进化模式.
- 调查LILR亚区在肉食动物中的进化动态和保护.
主要方法:
- 对体免疫基因组进行分析,以寻找LRC和LILR基因.
- 从单分子长读序列测序获得的染色体级基因组优先进行详细分析.
- 对菲利代 (Felidae) 中的LILR基因进行比较基因分析,与其他食肉动物家族 (Canidae,Mustelidae) 和Pinnipedia (加利福尼亚海狮) 的代表进行比较.
主要成果:
- 在菲利代和加利福尼亚海狮中发现了7个假定功能性的LILR基因,数量各不相同 (4-5在犬类,4-9在类).
- LILR基因形成了两个谱系,类似于Bovidae,在Felidae和Canidae中略有抑制LILRs的主导地位,并在欧亚中激活LILRs.
- 许多LILR伪基因被确定,伪基因化在激活受体方面更为频繁.
结论:
- 在Felidae和其他研究的食肉动物中,LRC结构相对保持,LILR子区域显示在Felidae内保持,但在Canidae和Mustelidae中存在分歧.
- 遗传学分析显示,在肉食动物中没有直接的正统类,支持哺乳动物中LILRs的快速进化.
- 这项研究突出了LILR基因在肉食动物系内的独特进化轨迹.
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