发现了从高山和北极陆地塑层中分离出来的塑料降解微生物菌株
Joel Rüthi1,2, Mattia Cerri2, Ivano Brunner1
1Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
Frontiers in microbiology
|May 26, 2023
概括
研究人员发现了适应寒冷的微生物,可以在15°C下降解可生物降解塑料. 这一发现支持将这些微生物用于循环塑料经济,为塑料废物管理提供新的解决方案.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 聚合物科学 聚合物科学
背景情况:
- 越来越多的塑料生产需要循环经济解决方案.
- 微生物生物降解和酶循环为塑料废物提供可持续的途径.
- 大多数塑料降解研究都集中在20°C以上的温度上,忽略了寒冷的环境.
研究的目的:
- 隔离和描述适应寒冷的微生物菌株,能够在低温 (15°C) 下降解各种塑料.
- 评估这些微生物在传统聚乙烯 (PE) 和可生物降解塑料 (如聚聚氨 (PUR),ecovio®,BI-OPL,PBAT和PLA) 上的生物降解潜力.
- 确定具有高降解能力的特定微生物种类,用于塑料回收的未来应用.
主要方法:
- 从北极和高山土壤塑层中分离了34种适应寒冷的微生物菌株.
- 微生物菌株的化与各种类型的塑料 (PE,PUR,ecovio®,BI-OPL,PBAT,PLA) 在15°C.
- 通过阿加清除试验,减重分析,核磁共振 (NMR) 谱学和化探针测定来评估降解.
主要成果:
- 19个菌株降解了分散的PUR;12个和5个菌株分别降解了ecovio®和BI-OPL薄膜.
- 核磁共振检测证实了PBAT和PLA成分在8个和7个菌株的质量减少.
- 没有任何菌株降解聚乙烯 (PE);然而,8个菌株显示出PBAT脱聚合的潜力.
- 尼奥德弗里西亚和拉切内卢拉菌株降解了所有测试的可生物降解塑料.
- 培养基的组成显著影响了降解效率.
结论:
- 发现了能够降解可生物降解塑料 (PUR,ecovio®,BI-OPL,PBAT,PLA) 的新型适应寒冷的微生物种群.
- 这些发现为在循环塑料经济中利用适应寒冷的微生物提供了坚实的基础.
- 该研究强调了可生物降解聚合物和微生物解决方案在可持续塑料废物管理方面的潜力.
相关概念视频
01:21Green Algae
62
Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
62
01:21Hyperthermophilic Bacteria
38
Domain Bacteria includes some unique hyperthermophilic species. They exhibit remarkable adaptations that enable survival in extreme environments.Thermotoga species are rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating hyperthermophiles that form a sheath-like envelope called a toga. They ferment sugars or starch, producing lactate, acetate, CO₂, and H₂, and can also grow via anaerobic respiration using H₂ and ferric iron. Found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, over 20% of their...
38
01:29Overview of Archaea
54
Archaea, named after the Archaean eon, represent a unique domain of life, distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, with remarkable traits. Their cellular and molecular features, ecological adaptability, and industrial relevance highlight their importance in understanding life processes and leveraging biotechnology.Cellular and Molecular CharacteristicsA defining feature of archaea is their unique membrane composition. Archaeal membranes contain ether-linked isoprenoid lipids, which confer...
54
01:30Diversity of Archaea I
37
Archaea, a domain of single-celled microorganisms, are classified into five major phyla based on genetic and biochemical characteristics: Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, Korarchaeota, and Nanoarchaeota. Among these, the phylum Euryarchaeota is notable for its remarkable diversity in morphology, metabolism, and ecological adaptations.Morphological and Metabolic DiversityMembers of Euryarchaeota exhibit a variety of cellular shapes, including rods and cocci. Their metabolic pathways...
37
01:30Environmental Applications of Microorganisms
79
Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
79
01:24Diversity of Archaea II
40
Archaea, one of the three domains of life, exhibit remarkable diversity and adaptability, thriving in both extreme and moderate environments. Historically, most identified archaea have been classified into two major phyla: Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. However, recent molecular studies have expanded this classification to include three additional phyla: Thaumarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota, and Korarchaeota, each exhibiting unique characteristics and ecological roles.Thaumarchaeota: Mesophiles...
40