开发和验证可解释的机器学习模型,用于早期查动脉样硬化
1National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
Journal of translational medicine
|May 28, 2023
概括
机器学习模型使用常规健康数据有效地查动脉样硬化 (CAS). 年龄,性别和胆固醇水平是早期CAS检测和预防的关键指标.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 心血管疾病研究研究
背景情况:
- Carotid 动脉样硬化 (CAS) 是中风的重要危险因素和一个主要的公共卫生问题.
- 早期检测CAS对于中风预防策略至关重要.
- 常规健康检查指标为广泛的CAS查提供了潜在的资源.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证用于CAS早期查的机器学习 (ML) 模型.
- 为了利用常规健康检查数据进行CAS识别.
- 在CAS查中评估ML模型的性能和可解释性.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自中国东北部 (2018-2019) 的69,601份健康检查记录.
- 在数据集上训练并测试了10个ML算法,包括渐变增强决策树 (GBDT).
- 在接收器运行特征曲线 (auROC) 下使用的面积和SHapley添加式解释 (SHAP) 用于性能评估和可解释性.
主要成果:
- GBDT模型表现出高性能,其auROC为0.860 (内部) 和0.851 (外部验证).
- 通过SHAP分析发现的关键预测因素包括年龄,性别和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇.
- 在糖尿病患者或65岁以上的人群中观察到较低的负预测值.
结论:
- 开发的ML模型显示了使用常规健康指标进行有效CAS查的前景.
- 这些模型有可能在不同人群中应用于CAS预防.
- 可解释性分析强调了CAS风险的关键人口统计和临床因素.
相关概念视频
01:27Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests
18
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
18
01:30Atherosclerosis I: Introduction
14
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
14
01:30Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction
34
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
34
01:25Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT
46
Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
46
01:26Atherosclerosis III: Management
16
Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
16