回顾生物多样性变化:未来道路的教训
Maria Dornelas1,2,3, Jonathan M Chase4,5, Nicholas J Gotelli6
1Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK.
概括
全球生物多样性的变化是复杂的,物种相似性和丰富性的局部下降,但物种组成随着时间的推移而增加. 了解这些不同的趋势对于有效的保护工作至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生态与保护科学生态与保护科学
- 生物多样性研究的研究.
- 环境变化研究环境变化研究.
背景情况:
- 人类对生态系统的修改对估计全球生物多样性变化提出了关键挑战.
- 了解近几十年生物多样性在各种规模和分类群体的转变是必不可少的.
研究的目的:
- 为了审查和综合最近的生物多样性变化跨不同的规模和分类群体.
- 专注于四个关键的多样性指标:物种丰富,时间周转,空间β-多样性和丰富性.
- 识别生物多样性变化估计的知识缺口和需要进一步研究的领域.
主要方法:
- 文献综述综合了近几十年来生物多样性变化数据.
- 分析地方,区域和全球范围内的趋势.
- 专注于四个主要的多样性指标:物种丰富,时间周转,空间β-多样性和丰富性.
主要成果:
- 当地尺度显示混合趋势,β-多样性 (生物同质化) 和丰度的下降比增加更为普遍.
- 时间周转很普遍,这表明大多数局部组合物种的物种组成随着时间的推移发生了重大变化.
- 区域尺度表明物种丰富度的增加比下降更频繁,而全球估计表明灭绝和物种化率较高,灭绝可能超过物种化.
结论:
- 生物多样性变化在各个尺度和指标上都具有很高的变化,需要超越简单的增加/减少叙述的细微理解.
- 在各种规模的生物多样性变化的规模和方向方面,仍然存在重大知识差距.
- 解决这些不确定性对于制定有效的生物多样性管理和保护战略至关重要.
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