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在甲状腺结节管理中,基于超声波的放射学和计算机辅助诊断:性能比较和临床策略优化

Mengwen Xia¹, Fulong Song², Yongfeng Zhao¹

¹Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.

Frontiers in endocrinology

|May 30, 2023

概括

超声波放射学和计算机辅助诊断 (CAD) 模型准确地预测甲状腺结节恶性瘤. 这些模型优化了美国放射学学院甲状腺成像报告和数据系统 (ACR TI-RADS) 准则,大大减少了不必要的活检.

科学领域:

放射学放射学是一门学科.
人工智能在医学中的应用
在瘤学瘤学.

背景情况:

甲状腺结节需要准确的恶性瘤预测才能有效管理.
目前的诊断方法,包括超声波 (美国) 和美国放射学学院甲状腺成像报告和数据系统 (ACR TI-RADS),都有局限性.
先进的计算技术为改善诊断准确性提供了潜力.

研究的目的:

为了比较美国基于特征的放射学和计算机辅助诊断 (CAD) 模型在预测甲状腺结节恶性病的诊断性能.
通过修订ACR TI-RADS建议来评估这些模型在优化甲状腺结节管理中的实用性.
评估这些修订后的建议对减少不必要的精细需求的影响.

主要方法:

一项对262个甲状腺结节的前性研究,证实了病理结果.
使用最小绝对收缩和操作算法 (LASSO) 进行特征选择的放射学模型的开发.
使用两个垂直的US图像实现CAD模型,用于病变分化.
使用接收器操作特征曲线 (AUC) 下的面积和校准曲线对诊断性能进行比较.
基于放射学和CAD模型的ACR TI-RADS建议的修订和与原始指南的比较.

主要成果:

放射学模型实现了0.915的AUC,超过了CAD模型 (AUC = 0.814) 和原来的ACR TI-RADS (AUC = 0.849).
这两种修订后的模型都显著提高了诊断性能,提高了灵敏度,准确性和预测值,同时减少了不必要的活检.
与CAD模型相比,放射学模型在性能指标上表现出更明显的改善.

结论:

美国基于特征的放射学和CAD系统在甲状腺结节歧视方面表现出强大的诊断性能.
这些计算模型可以有效地优化ACR TI-RADS建议,从而大大减少不必要的精细针的愿望.
放射学方法在提高诊断准确性和简化甲状腺结节管理方面特别有前途.

关键词:

计算机辅助诊断是指计算机辅助的诊断.预测预测预测预测无线电学 (radiomics) 是一种无线电学.风险评估风险评估风险评估甲状腺结节甲状腺结节超声波学超声波学超声波学

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