孕产妇高脂肪饮食:对后代肥胖的影响和表观遗传下丘脑编程
Begüm Harmancıoğlu1, Seray Kabaran1
1Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Türkiye.
Frontiers in genetics
|May 30, 2023
概括
怀孕期间母亲的高脂肪饮食可能导致胎儿代谢编程,增加后代的肥胖风险. 在怀孕期间限制饮食脂肪摄入量是改善母亲健康和降低风险的关键.
科学领域:
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
- 代谢健康 代谢健康
- 健康和疾病的发育起源.
背景情况:
- 怀孕期间母亲的高脂肪饮食 (HFD) 与加速的母亲体重增加和胎儿脂肪质量的增加有关.
- HFD可以激活促炎细胞因子,导致孕产妇的胰岛素抵抗和炎症.
- 胎儿的自由脂肪酸 (FFA) 水平增加是由母亲的HFD和胰岛素抵抗引起的,影响脂肪.
研究的目的:
- 调查母体HFD对胎儿发育和后代代谢健康的有害影响.
- 探索孕产妇代谢变化和表观遗传变化在胎儿编程中的作用.
- 确定在怀孕期间有效的饮食干预措施,以减轻风险.
主要方法:
- 关于母亲HFD及其对胎儿代谢编程的影响现有文献的综述.
- 分析炎症和胰岛素抵抗对胎儿发育的影响.
- 检查表观遗传修饰及其对后代饮食行为的影响.
主要成果:
- 孕产妇的HFD和胰岛素抵抗会对胎儿的脂肪和关键器官 (肝脏,大脑,胰腺) 的发育产生负面影响.
- 脑下垂体基因 (莱普受体,POMC,NPY) 的变异表达和后代的表观遗传变化会影响体重调节和饮食行为.
- 过度的胎儿脂质暴露和炎症增加了儿童代谢障碍的风险.
结论:
- 怀孕期间母亲的代谢和表观遗传变化可以为后代编程肥胖和代谢障碍.
- 饮食干预,包括限制脂肪摄入 (能量<35%) 和确保适当的脂肪酸摄入,至关重要.
- 在怀孕期间优化母亲的营养对于预防儿童肥胖和代谢疾病至关重要.
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