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相关概念视频

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

1.9K
The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
1.9K
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.1K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.1K
Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

2.1K
Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For...
2.1K
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

1.9K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
1.9K
Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects01:20

Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects

1.5K
In a radical reaction, the concentration of starting materials governs the selectivity of a radical. For example, the reaction between an alkyl halide and an alkene, in the presence of tin hydride and AIBN, begins with the generation of a tin radical. The generated radical then abstracts halogen from the alkyl halide, producing an alkyl radical. This alkyl radical can either react with tin hydride, yielding an alkane, or add to an alkene, generating a nitrile-stabilized radical, eventually...
1.5K
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

2.4K
Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
2.4K

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[DPEPhosbcpCu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst
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通过持久的根性稳定性控制的photoredox产品选择性.

Bernard G Stevenson1, Cameron Gironda1, Eric Talbott1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Vestal, New York 13850, United States.

The Journal of organic chemistry
|May 30, 2023
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概括

这项研究调查了为什么不同的蓝色在光氧化催化过程中产生不同的结果. 我们发现,蓝基离子的稳定性直接影响产品产量,揭示了控制这些反应的关键因素.

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Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Enabling Real-Time Compensation in Fast Photochemical Oxidations of Proteins for the Determination of Protein Topography Changes
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Enabling Real-Time Compensation in Fast Photochemical Oxidations of Proteins for the Determination of Protein Topography Changes
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科学领域:

  • 有机化学 有机化学
  • 光催化作用的光催化
  • 反应机制的反应机制

背景情况:

  • 光电氧催化利用可见光通过基离子驱动有机合成.
  • 氨酸是由于稳定的基离子而常见的化剂.
  • 当使用不同的蓝树时,存在着无法解释的产量变化.

研究的目的:

  • 为了描述α-aminoarylation反应中的量子和产品产量.
  • 为了调查产量差异与各种蓝的原因.
  • 了解蓝基离子稳定性在反应结果中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 五个青烯合伙伴的量子产量和产品产量的表征.
  • 对副作用的分析,以确定非生产性的反应途径.
  • 电化学和计算研究的蓝基离子碎片化.
  • 动力建模以阐明交叉合选择性.

主要成果:

  • 观察到蓝的消费和产品产量的显著差异.
  • 激素离子碎片化被确定为一种非生产性的途径.
  • 发现产品产量与蓝基离子稳定性之间存在直接的相关性.
  • 动力建模表明,持久的激素效应决定了交叉合的选择性.

结论:

  • 二烯基基离子稳定性是光基α-aminoarylation中的产品产量的关键决定因素.
  • 极端阳离子碎片化是一个显著的非生产性途径.
  • 持续的激进效应影响了这些反应中的交叉合选择性.