功能性认知:与流体和结晶认知不同?
Carolyn M Baum1, Stephen C L Lau2, Allen W Heinemann3
1Carolyn M. Baum, PhD, is Professor, Program in Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurology, Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; baumc@wustl.edu.
概括
功能性认知是一种独特的认知构造,与流体和结晶的能力分开. 这一发现支持职业治疗师评估和治疗认知缺陷,以改善日常功能和社区重新融入.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 康复科学 康复科学 康复科学
背景情况:
- 功能性认知越来越被认为是职业治疗中至关重要的.
- 了解它与既定认知构造的关系对于定义该专业的独特贡献至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 要确定功能认知是否是一个与结晶和流体认知能力分开的独特构造.
- 澄清职业治疗实践中功能认知的作用.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及493名脊髓损伤,创伤性脑损伤或中风的成年人的横截面研究的二次分析.
- 使用国家卫生研究院工具箱认知电池和执行功能性能测试数据的探索性因子分析 (EFA) 和确认性因子分析 (CFA).
主要成果:
- EFA确定了三个不同的因素:结晶认知,流体认知和功能认知.
- CFA支持了二阶模型,其中这三种结构在层次上对一般认知因素作出贡献.
结论:
- 这项研究提供了证据表明,功能性认知是一种独特的构造,与执行功能,流体认知和结晶认知不同.
- 建立功能性认知作为一个单独的构造,支持职业治疗师评估和治疗缺陷,帮助患者康复和重返社区.
相关概念视频
01:25Cattell's Theory of Intelligence
7.0K
Raymond Cattell, along with John Horn, made significant contributions to our understanding of intelligence by distinguishing between two types: fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.
Fluid intelligence involves the capacity to solve new problems and adapt to unfamiliar situations. It's the type of intelligence individuals use when they encounter a novel problem or puzzle that requires innovative thinking. For instance, figuring out how to operate a new gadget relies heavily on...
Fluid intelligence involves the capacity to solve new problems and adapt to unfamiliar situations. It's the type of intelligence individuals use when they encounter a novel problem or puzzle that requires innovative thinking. For instance, figuring out how to operate a new gadget relies heavily on...
7.0K
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
166
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
166
01:20Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
548
Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
548
01:27Language and Cognition
384
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
384
01:17Cognitivism
1.5K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
1.5K
01:21Cognitive Learning
455
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
455