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相关概念视频

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

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Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
8.9K
Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction00:55

Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

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Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
3.6K
Exceptions to the Octet Rule02:55

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

28.6K
Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:
28.6K
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

5.6K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
5.6K
Lewis Acids and Bases02:16

Lewis Acids and Bases

14.1K
This lesson delves into Lewis acids and bases in the context of the octet rule for electron-deficient compounds. Here, the concept is discussed, emphasizing the group 13 elements like boron or aluminium. Since group 13 elements possess three valence electrons, they form trivalent compounds with a sextet of electrons and a vacant orbital for the central atom. Consequently, these electron-deficient compounds accept electrons from other species to complete their octet in a chemical reaction. They...
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Fabrication of VB2/Air Cells for Electrochemical Testing
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二氧化物 (VB2) 用于NO电还原到NH3.

Guike Zhang1, Nana Zhang1, Yali Guo1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China.

Inorganic chemistry
|May 30, 2023
PubMed
概括

二 (VB2) 是一个有效的电催化剂,用于将一氧化 (NO) 转化为氨 (NH3) 电还原 (NORR). VB2具有高的NH3选择性和产量,使其成为NORR应用的有希望的材料.

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Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model
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科学领域:

  • 电化学 电化学 电化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 催化剂是一种催化剂.

背景情况:

  • 氧化 (NO) 电降解为氨 (NH3) 是管理和可持续化学合成的关键过程.
  • 为NO电还原 (NORR) 开发高效和选择性的电催化剂仍然是一个重大挑战.
  • 现有的催化剂往往由于活性低,选择性差或演化反应 (HER) 的竞争而受到影响.

研究的目的:

  • 研究二 (VB2) 作为一种新的电催化剂,用于将一氧化 (NO) 电还原为氨 (NH3).
  • 以法拉第克效率和NH3生产的产率来评估VB2的催化性能.
  • 使用理论计算阐明VB2催化NORR的基本机制.

主要方法:

  • 电化学测量包括循环电压测量和时测量.
  • 使用诸如UV-Vis光谱摄影等技术量化氨.
  • 密度功能理论 (DFT) 计算用于研究反应途径和活性位点.

主要成果:

  • 在 -0.5 V 和 RHE 之间,VB2 显示出高的 NH3 法拉代效率,达到 89.6% 的效率.
  • 获得的最高NH3产率为198.3μmol h-1 cm-2.
  • 理论计算确定了VB2中的 (B) 部位是NORR.的主要活跃中心.

结论:

  • VB2是一种高效的电催化剂,用于NO-to-NH3电还原 (NORR).
  • 在VB2中的B位点促进NORR质子能量,抑制进化,增强活性和选择性.
  • VB2为开发用于可持续氨合成的先进催化剂提供了一个有希望的途径.