电离辐射和美国核设施工人的固体癌症死亡率
Kaitlin Kelly-Reif1, Steven J Bertke1, Robert D Daniels1
1National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
International journal of epidemiology
|May 30, 2023
概括
在核工人中,低水平的辐射暴露可能会增加固体癌症,特别是肺癌的风险. 当代雇员显示风险更高,加强了放射性癌症发展的证据.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 辐射流行病学 辐射流行病学
- 癌症研究 癌症研究
背景情况:
- 与低水平,长时间的电离辐射暴露相关的健康风险仍然不完全理解.
- 核工人是研究职业和公共健康相关的当代辐射暴露影响的关键人群.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究透性电离辐射暴露和固体癌症死亡率在美国核工人的一个大,聚合队伍之间的关联.
- 通过延长的随访,检查长期的癌症风险,包括具有长期潜伏期的癌症风险.
主要方法:
- 美国五个核设施的101,363名核工人的综合队列分析,死亡率数据延伸到2016年.
- 使用考克斯回归的统计模型来评估累积辐射剂量 (sieverts) 与固体癌症死亡率之间的关系.
- 计算各种固体癌症亚型的每席弗特的相对过剩率 (ERR Sv-1).
主要成果:
- 在与电离辐射暴露相关的情况下,观察到所有固体癌症死亡率的升高率 (ERR Sv-1=0.19).
- 这种关联在1960年以后雇佣的工人中明显高 (ERR Sv-1=2.23).
- 肺癌死亡率 (ERR Sv-1=0.65) 的高率也被发现,在当代雇员中影响更为明显 (ERR Sv-1=2.90).
结论:
- 这项研究提供了与几种固体癌症类型相关的放射性风险的证据.
- 调查结果表明,最近的核工人队伍可能面临更高的风险,需要进一步调查潜在的混因素和精度.
更多相关视频
06:20Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
Published on: March 11, 2021
7.3K
08:23An Automated Microscopic Scoring Method for the γ-H2AX Foci Assay in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Published on: December 25, 2021
4.9K
相关概念视频
Biological Effects of Radiation
15.6K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
15.6K
Nuclear Power
7.9K
Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
7.9K
Nuclear Fission
9.8K
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
9.8K
Types of Radioactivity
17.0K
The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
17.0K
Radiation: Applications
1.2K
The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
The average...
1.2K
Nuclear Transmutation
17.6K
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
17.6K
