过去是现在:病毒的共同进化和宿主抵抗力在植物多样性的地理中心内
1Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA;
Annual review of phytopathology
|May 30, 2023
概括
弗朗西斯·奥·福尔摩斯 (Francis O. Holmes) 是一个著名的作家.
科学领域:
- 植物病理学 植物病理学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 植物和病原体的共同进化对于理解疾病耐药性至关重要.
- 尼古拉·瓦维洛夫 (Nikolai Vavilov) 关于植物起源的工作和T.哈珀·古德斯皮德 (T. Harper Goodspeed) 的尼科蒂亚纳 (Nicotiana) 分类学提供了基础的背景.
- 弗朗西斯·奥·福尔摩斯 (Francis O. Holmes) 假设宿主对病毒的耐药性源于地理共同进化.
研究的目的:
- 审查弗朗西斯·奥·福尔摩斯关于植物中烟草马赛克病毒 (TMV) 耐药性的研究.
- 在植物起源和进化分类学背景下对福尔摩斯的工作进行框架.
- 要突出福尔摩斯对了解植物病毒系统中基因对基因相互作用的早期贡献.
主要方法:
- 弗朗西斯·奥·福尔摩斯对TMV耐药性的历史研究的回顾.
- 瓦维洛夫的起源中心和古德斯皮德的分类学研究的整合.
- 分析福尔摩斯的实验证据,证明阳光植物的遗传耐药性.
主要成果:
- 福尔摩斯将南美洲确定为尼科蒂亚纳和其他植物中TMV耐药基因 (R-基因) 的中心.
- 茄子 (Solanum melongena) 是一个例外,后来通过其起源于东北非洲的CWR来解释.
- 福尔摩斯的概念早于H.H.H. 弗洛尔的基因对基因相互作用模型和主导性抵抗基因的部署.
结论:
- 福尔摩斯关于植物病毒耐药性的地理共同进化假说得到了生植物作物的证据的支持.
- 了解植物CWR起源,包括茄子的非洲根源,完善了共同进化的模型.
- 福尔摩斯的开创性工作极大地影响了植物病理学领域和遗传抵抗策略.
更多相关视频
08:56Combining Analysis of DNA in a Crude Virion Extraction with the Analysis of RNA from Infected Leaves to Discover New Virus Genomes
Published on: July 27, 2018
11.1K
03:39Author Spotlight: A Precise and Quantifiable Method for Collecting Hemolymph from Small Arthropods
Published on: April 28, 2023
1.8K
相关概念视频
02:22Introduction to Plant Diversity
45.2K
From Water to Land
45.2K
00:36Viral Mutations
32.6K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.6K
02:39Gene Flow
35.3K
Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
35.3K
02:26Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores
23.9K
Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
23.9K
00:57Viral Recombination
23.6K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.6K
01:27Diversity of Protists II
60
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
60