基于植物的替代品是否更健康? 从营养和加工的角度进行二维评估
Sara de Las Heras-Delgado1, Sangeetha Shyam2, Èrica Cunillera3
1Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
|May 31, 2023
概括
植物替代产品 (PBAPs) 通常比动物产品含有更多的糖,盐和纤维. 虽然一些PBAP提供了更好的营养成分,但其他,特别是奶酪,鱼和肉类替代品,更加工,更不健康.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 植物替代产品 (PBAP) 在市场上越来越普遍.
- 与传统的动物性食品相比,PBAP的营养质量没有得到充分的证据.
研究的目的:
- 评估西班牙可用的PBAP的营养成分,配置和加工水平.
- 为了将这些PBAP与其动物基对应物进行比较.
主要方法:
- 922种PBAP (奶酪,乳制品,蛋,肉类,鱼类) 和922种加工/381种未加工的动物产品的营养数据来自西班牙"Veggie base"数据库.
- 食品标准局营养分类系统 (FSAm-NPS) 和NOVA分类被用于评估.
主要成果:
- 一般来说,PBAP的糖分,盐分和纤维含量高于动物食品.
- 肉类和鱼类PBAP的蛋白质和和脂肪含量较低.
- 68%的PBAP和75%的未加工动物食品具有有利的营养评分 (A或B).
- 37%的PBAP和72%的加工动物食品被归类为超加工 (NOVA组4).
结论:
- 虽然许多PBAP显示出更好的营养特征,但奶酪,鱼和肉类替代品可能更加工,在营养上较差.
- 由于PBAP的加工水平和营养含量多样化,因此需要对PBAP进行全面的,多方面的健康影响评估.
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