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Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Requirements for Human Life01:26

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The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a specific range of temperature and pressure that the Earth and its atmosphere provides.
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...
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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
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超重力时外围皮肤冷却:血液动力学反应.

Niklas Kagelmann1, David Janke1, Martina Anna Maggioni1,2

  • 1Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Frontiers in physiology
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概括

外部外周皮肤冷却 (PSC) 在高重力暴露 (+Gz) 期间没有显著改善心血管功能或静态稳定性. 需要进一步的研究来确定这种潜在的航空航天对策的最佳冷却水平.

关键词:
G诱导的意识丧失引起的意识丧失.心血管稳定性心血管稳定性超重力是一种超重力.超重力离心机模型测试超重力离心机模型测试静态不稳定性 静态不稳定性外围外部冷却系统的外围冷却系统短臂人体离心机 短臂人体离心机太空飞行对策 太空飞行对策

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科学领域:

  • 空间生理学 空间生理学
  • 心血管监管 监管心血管系统
  • 航空航天医学 航空航天医学

背景情况:

  • 在太空飞行后返回地球引力时,正静态失调是常见的问题.
  • 外部外周皮肤冷却 (PSC) 已在减轻热应激和下体负压期间的静态不耐受性方面展现出前途.
  • 在高重力 (+Gz) 暴露期间,PSC作为对策的有效性仍然未被探索.

研究的目的:

  • 调查外部外周皮肤冷却 (PSC) 是否可以在超重力 (+Gz) 暴露期间作为心血管功能稳定因素.
  • 测试PSC在+Gz环境中是对正静态失调的有效对策的假设.

主要方法:

  • 进行了一项随机的短臂人体离心机 (SAHC) 实验 ("Coolspin").
  • 十八名健康的男性暴露在从+1g到+4g的人工重力中.
  • 心血管参数包括血压,心率,中风体积,外周总阻力和心脏输出都在PSC和没有PSC的情况下被测量.

主要成果:

  • +Gz暴露引起了心率,血压,中风体积,外周总阻力和心脏输出量的显著变化.
  • 在初级 (心率,累积压力指数,血压) 或二级 (中风体积,外围总阻力,心脏输出) 参数中,冷却和未冷却条件之间没有发现显著差异.
  • 缩血压在PSC组中显示了一个非显著的趋势,即PSC组的血压更高.

结论:

  • 外部外围皮肤冷却 (PSC) 在高重力暴露期间对血液动力学活动或静态稳定性没有显著的益处.
  • 缺乏效果的潜在原因包括受试者的冷却反应不足或冷却表面面积不足.
  • 需要进一步的研究来确定PSC的最佳参数,以便在+Gz环境中成为有效的对策.