幼儿园的行为问题与青春期和成年期的货币化结果有关
Natalie Goulter1,2, Yoon S Hur3, Damon E Jones3
1Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
概括
童年早期的行为问题显著增加了长期的刑事和医疗成本. 投资于行为问题的早期干预提供了实质性的社会和经济效益,强调了所有儿童强有力的开始的重要性.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
背景情况:
- 儿童行为问题是一个重大问题,具有潜在的长期后果.
- 以前的研究表明,早期的行为问题与以后的生活结果之间存在联系.
- 这些行为问题对整个生命周期的经济影响需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 检查幼儿园行为问题与随后的刑事和相关成本之间的关联.
- 评估早期行为问题对成年人政府和医疗服务成本的影响.
- 量化童年行为问题的长期经济负担.
主要方法:
- 利用了两项大型多站点纵向研究 (快速跟踪和儿童发展项目) 的数据,其中有1339名参与者.
- 通过家长和教师报告收集幼儿园行为问题的数据.
- 通过行政和国家数据库记录和自我报告的服务使用来评估犯罪行为,其成本因通货膨胀而调整为2020美元.
主要成果:
- 幼儿园行为问题的标准偏差增加与青少年和成人犯罪+受害者成本的大幅增加有关.
- 发现与医疗服务成本增加和成年后的总体总成本有显著的关联.
- 对男性和女性样本的具体成本增加详细说明,在某些成本类别中存在显著差异.
结论:
- 早期出现的行为问题与显著的长期经济成本有关.
- 研究结果强调了幼儿干预和支持计划的重要性.
- 政策制定者可以利用这些证据来证明对促进儿童强大起步的计划的投资是合理的.
相关概念视频
01:28Conduct Disorder
92
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
92
01:30Oppositional Defiant Disorder
98
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
98
02:04Bullying
8.5K
A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
8.5K
01:28Adler's Individual Psychology
889
Alfred Adler, a prominent figure in psychology, founded the school of individual psychology. In contrast to Freud's emphasis on sexual or aggressive motives, Adler suggested that individuals are primarily motivated by their purposes and goals. He believed that people strive for perfection rather than pleasure. Adler argued that individuals could creatively act upon their genetic inheritance and environmental experiences to shape their own lives, emphasizing conscious motivation over...
889
01:24Operant Conditioning Intervention
90
Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
90
03:00Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K